Skip to main content

Umbrella menu

  • SfN.org
  • eNeuro
  • The Journal of Neuroscience
  • Neuronline
  • BrainFacts.org

Main menu

  • HOME
  • CONTENT
    • Early Release
    • Featured
    • Latest Articles
    • Issue Archive
    • Editorials
    • Research Highlights
  • TOPICS
    • Cognition and Behavior
    • Development
    • Disorders of the Nervous System
    • History, Teaching and Public Awareness
    • Integrative Systems
    • Neuronal Excitability
    • Novel Tools and Methods
    • Sensory and Motor Systems
  • ALERTS
  • FOR AUTHORS
  • EDITORIAL BOARD
  • BLOG
  • ABOUT
    • Overview
    • For the Media
    • Privacy Policy
    • Contact Us
    • Feedback
  • SfN.org
  • eNeuro
  • The Journal of Neuroscience
  • Neuronline
  • BrainFacts.org

User menu

  • My alerts

Search

  • Advanced search
eNeuro
  • My alerts

eNeuro

Advanced Search

Submit a Manuscript
  • HOME
  • CONTENT
    • Early Release
    • Featured
    • Latest Articles
    • Issue Archive
    • Editorials
    • Research Highlights
  • TOPICS
    • Cognition and Behavior
    • Development
    • Disorders of the Nervous System
    • History, Teaching and Public Awareness
    • Integrative Systems
    • Neuronal Excitability
    • Novel Tools and Methods
    • Sensory and Motor Systems
  • ALERTS
  • FOR AUTHORS
  • EDITORIAL BOARD
  • BLOG
  • ABOUT
    • Overview
    • For the Media
    • Privacy Policy
    • Contact Us
    • Feedback
PreviousNext
Research ArticleNew Research, Integrative Systems

Clozapine N-Oxide Administration Produces Behavioral Effects in Long–Evans Rats: Implications for Designing DREADD Experiments

Duncan A. A. MacLaren, Richard W. Browne, Jessica K. Shaw, Sandhya Krishnan Radhakrishnan, Prachi Khare, Rodrigo A. España and Stewart D. Clark
eNeuro 13 October 2016, 3 (5) ENEURO.0219-16.2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0219-16.2016
Duncan A. A. MacLaren
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14214
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Richard W. Browne
2Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14214
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jessica K. Shaw
3Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Jessica K. Shaw
Sandhya Krishnan Radhakrishnan
2Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14214
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Prachi Khare
2Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14214
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Rodrigo A. España
3Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Stewart D. Clark
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14214
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • eLetters
  • PDF
Loading

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Figure 1.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 1.

    A, B, Startle magnitude and PPI after treatment with CNO. CNO significantly reduced the startle response to 110 and 120 dB startle stimuli (A), but had no significant effect on PPI (B). *p < 0.05.

  • Figure 2.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 2.

    Startle magnitude and PPI after treatment with CNO and PCP. A, B, PCP significantly increased the startle magnitude (A) and disrupted the PPI (B). CNO pretreatment had no effect on the disruptive effects of PCP.

  • Figure 3.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 3.

    Startle magnitude and PPI after treatment with CNO and scopolamine. A, B, Scopolamine significantly increased the startle magnitude (A) and disrupted the PPI (B). CNO pretreatment had no effect on the disruptive effects of scopolamine.

  • Figure 4.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 4.

    Effects of CNO on spontaneous locomotion and amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion. Rats were pretreated with either vehicle or CNO, followed 20 min later by either vehicle or amphetamine. A–F, CNO at 1 mg/kg (A, B), 2 mg/kg (C, D), or 5 mg/kg (E, F) had no effect on spontaneous locomotion. Neither 1 nor 2 mg/kg CNO altered amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (B, D), but 5 mg/kg CNO significantly reduced the effects of amphetamine (F). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

  • Figure 5.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 5.

    Effects of CNO on baseline and amphetamine-induced DA signaling. A, B, Examples of 15 s DA overflow curves in vehicle-treated (A) and CNO-treated (B) rats before (solid) and after (dashed) a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, i.p., d-AMPH. C, D, CNO did not alter stimulated DA release (C) or uptake (D) under baseline conditions. E, F, CNO dose-dependently blunted the increased DA release in response to d-AMPH 30 min after systemic treatment (E); however, there were no significant effects on the magnitude of DA uptake inhibition (F). *p < 0.05

  • Figure 6.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 6.

    A–C, Plasma levels of CNO (A), clozapine (B), and N-Des (C) at various time points after the administration of 5 mg/kg CNO.

Back to top

In this issue

eneuro: 3 (5)
eNeuro
Vol. 3, Issue 5
September/October 2016
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
Email

Thank you for sharing this eNeuro article.

NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Clozapine N-Oxide Administration Produces Behavioral Effects in Long–Evans Rats: Implications for Designing DREADD Experiments
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from eNeuro
(Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in eNeuro.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Print
View Full Page PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Citation Tools
Clozapine N-Oxide Administration Produces Behavioral Effects in Long–Evans Rats: Implications for Designing DREADD Experiments
Duncan A. A. MacLaren, Richard W. Browne, Jessica K. Shaw, Sandhya Krishnan Radhakrishnan, Prachi Khare, Rodrigo A. España, Stewart D. Clark
eNeuro 13 October 2016, 3 (5) ENEURO.0219-16.2016; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0219-16.2016

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Respond to this article
Share
Clozapine N-Oxide Administration Produces Behavioral Effects in Long–Evans Rats: Implications for Designing DREADD Experiments
Duncan A. A. MacLaren, Richard W. Browne, Jessica K. Shaw, Sandhya Krishnan Radhakrishnan, Prachi Khare, Rodrigo A. España, Stewart D. Clark
eNeuro 13 October 2016, 3 (5) ENEURO.0219-16.2016; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0219-16.2016
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Significance Statement
    • Introduction
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Relevance to the DREADD system: is CNO an inert ligand?
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • References
    • Synthesis
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • eLetters
  • PDF

Keywords

  • behavior
  • CNO
  • DREADDs
  • voltammetry

Responses to this article

Respond to this article

Jump to comment:

No eLetters have been published for this article.

Related Articles

Cited By...

More in this TOC Section

New Research

  • Food-seeking behavior is mediated by Fos-expressing neuronal ensembles formed at first learning in rats
  • Deficiency of microglial autophagy increases the density of oligodendrocytes and susceptibility to severe forms of seizures
  • Arginine Vasopressin-Containing Neurons of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Project to CSF
Show more New Research

Integrative Systems

  • Time-of-Day-Dependent Gating of the Liver-Spinal Axis Initiates an Anti-Inflammatory Reflex in the Rat
  • A Focal Inactivation and Computational Study of Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray and Deep Mesencephalic Reticular Nucleus Involvement in Sleep State Switching and Bistability
  • Disrupted Coordination of Hypoglossal Motor Control in a Mouse Model of Pediatric Dysphagia in DiGeorge/22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Show more Integrative Systems

Subjects

  • Integrative Systems
  • Home
  • Alerts
  • Visit Society for Neuroscience on Facebook
  • Follow Society for Neuroscience on Twitter
  • Follow Society for Neuroscience on LinkedIn
  • Visit Society for Neuroscience on Youtube
  • Follow our RSS feeds

Content

  • Early Release
  • Current Issue
  • Latest Articles
  • Issue Archive
  • Blog
  • Browse by Topic

Information

  • For Authors
  • For the Media

About

  • About the Journal
  • Editorial Board
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact
  • Feedback
(eNeuro logo)
(SfN logo)

Copyright © 2021 by the Society for Neuroscience.
eNeuro eISSN: 2373-2822

The ideas and opinions expressed in eNeuro do not necessarily reflect those of SfN or the eNeuro Editorial Board. Publication of an advertisement or other product mention in eNeuro should not be construed as an endorsement of the manufacturer’s claims. SfN does not assume any responsibility for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to any use of any material contained in eNeuro.