Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Schematic representation of task designs. A, Theory-of-mind task. A story requiring either attribution of belief or reasoning about a photo was shown for 10 s, followed by a true/false question for 4 s. There were 20 trials in total. B, Episodic memory retrieval task. The task was divided over four runs, each consisting of an encoding phase (“E”) before the run began, and a retrieval phase (“P”; bottom). In the encoding-phase, subjects were asked to memorize words presented sequentially on the screen (33 words). In the retrieval run (25 old words intermixed with 50 new words and 25 fixation trials), subjects indicated with a button press whether a word was old or new. There were 400 trials in total. C, Attribution-of-attention task. An object with either negative or positive salience was presented on the right or left for 1 s (this example shows a car fire). After a 0.5 s interval, the face of a cartoon character was presented centrally for 2 s. Its gaze was directed either toward or away from the object (G+ or G−), and its emotional expression either matched or mismatched the valence of the object (E+ or E−). Subjects rated the character’s level of awareness of the object on a scale of 1 (not aware) to 3 (very aware). Four trial types were possible: G−E−, G+E+, G+E−, and G−E+. The trials in which the gaze and expression cues were inconsistent (G+E− and G−E+) were labeled as hard trials (for more details, see Materials and Methods). There were 384 trials in total. D, Attentional reorienting task. A central cue pointing right or left predicted the location of a target in 75% of trials. Subjects were asked to indicate which side the target appeared on. There were 200 trials in total. E, Target detection task. A visual standard stimulus (“OOOO”) was presented on the screen every 1.5 s. In 5% of trials, this was replaced by the target stimulus (“XXXX”). The subjects silently counted how many targets they saw. There were 480 trials in total.
- Figure 2.
ICs activated in the theory-of-mind task. A, Location of significant ICs shown as a winner-take-all map, created from z-score maps thresholded at z > 4. B, Regression coefficients for the belief (B) and photo (P) conditions for the three significantly task-related ICs. C, Event-related IC time courses for the belief condition during the 14 s story-plus-question block (black bar) for TPJp (red), TPJd-L (blue), and TPJd-R (purple). The y-axis is shown in arbitrary units. D–F, Connectivity patterns of the three task-related ICs obtained in the theory-of-mind task, as follows: TPJp (D), TPJd-L (E), and TPJd-R (F).
- Figure 3.
ICs activated during episodic memory retrieval. A, Location of the significant IC created from a z-score map thresholded at z > 4. B, Regression coefficients for the old (O) and new (N) conditions for the significantly task-related IC. C, Event-related IC time course for the old condition for TPJd-R. The y-axis is shown in arbitrary units. D, Connectivity of TPJd-R.
- Figure 4.
ICs activated during social attribution of attention. A, Location of significant ICs shown as a winner-take-all map, created from z-score maps thresholded at z > 4. B, Regression coefficients for the hard (H) and easy (E) conditions for the two significantly task-related ICs. C, Event-related IC time courses for the hard condition for TPJd-R (purple) and TPJd-R2 (black). Due to the rapid trial presentation in this task, the signal was still returning to baseline at the beginning of the trial. The y-axis is shown in arbitrary units. D, E, Connectivity of the task-related ICs, as follows: TPJd-R (D) and TPJd-R 2 (E).
- Figure 5.
ICs activated during the attentional reorienting task. A, Location of significant ICs shown as a winner-take-all map, created from z-score maps thresholded at z > 4. B, Regression coefficients for the invalid (I) and valid (V) conditions for the two significantly task-related ICs. C, Event-related IC time courses for invalid trials for the TPJd-R (purple) and TPJc (orange). The y-axis is shown in arbitrary units and the arrow shows stimulus onset. D, E, Connectivity of the task-related ICs, as follows: TPJd-R (D) and TPJc (E).
- Figure 6.
ICs activated in the oddball target detection task. A, Location of significant ICs shown as a winner-take-all map, created from z-score maps thresholded at z > 4. B, Regression coefficients for the target (T) and standard (S) conditions for the two significantly task-related ICs. C, Event-related IC time courses for the target condition for the TPJd-R (purple) and TPJa (green). The y-axis is shown in arbitrary units and the arrow shows stimulus onset. D, E, Connectivity of the task-related ICs, as follows: TPJd-R (D) and TPJa (E).
- Figure 7.
Simplified schematic summary of task activations. The task-related temporoparietal independent components from Figures 2–6 are shown in their approximate locations with black outlines, and their network connectivity is marked with matching colors but no outlines (see Figures 2-6 for the exact distribution and connectivity of the independent components). All tasks activated regions within the TPJd-R (purple area), which was connected with the right-lateralized frontoparietal network. The theory-of-mind task also activated TPJd-L (blue; connected with the left-lateralized frontoparietal network) and TPJp (red; connected with the default-mode network). The attentional reorienting task and the target detection task activated TPJc and TPJa, respectively (orange and green), which were connected with partially overlapping regions of the ventral attention network.
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