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Research ArticleHistory of Neuroscience, History, Teaching, and Public Awareness

Steinach and Young, Discoverers of the Effects of Estrogen on Male Sexual Behavior and the “Male Brain”

Per Södersten
eNeuro 1 November 2015, 2 (6) ENEURO.0058-15.2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0058-15.2015
Per Södersten
Section of Applied Neuroendocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
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    Figure 1.

    Measures of lordosis (top) and number of animals and mounting (bottom) in female and male guinea pigs treated with 3.32 μg of estradiol benzoate and 0.2 mg of progesterone and tested three times, with 3–5 months between tests (the results are from test 1 and test 3). The animals were born to untreated mothers (control females and males) or to mothers treated with testosterone propionate in doses that produced female offspring with unmodified external genitalia (unmodified females) and females with external genitalia macroscopically indistinguishable from a penis (hermaphrodites). No measures of variability were reported in the original article. Figure redrawn from Phoenix et al. (1959) with permission.

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    Figure 2.

    Mounting and lordosis in a castrated male rat (stained neck) treated with 50 μg of testosterone propionate and 80 μg of dienestrol diacetate. Reproduced from Hohlweg et al. (1962) with permission.

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    Figure 3.

    Replication of the marked sex difference in lordosis in guinea pigs treated with 10 μg of estradiol benzoate and 0.5 mg of progesterone (Phoenix), and elimination of the difference by treatment with two injections of 2 μg of estradiol and 0.5 mg of progesterone (Physiol). Reproduced from Olster and Blaustein (1990) with permission.

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eneuro: 2 (6)
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Vol. 2, Issue 6
November/December 2015
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Steinach and Young, Discoverers of the Effects of Estrogen on Male Sexual Behavior and the “Male Brain”
Per Södersten
eNeuro 1 November 2015, 2 (6) ENEURO.0058-15.2015; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0058-15.2015

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Steinach and Young, Discoverers of the Effects of Estrogen on Male Sexual Behavior and the “Male Brain”
Per Södersten
eNeuro 1 November 2015, 2 (6) ENEURO.0058-15.2015; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0058-15.2015
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Significance Statement
    • Introduction
    • Discovery of the Effects of Estrogen in Male Rats
    • The Estrogen-Insensitive Male
    • The Era of Activation and Organization
    • Review of Phoenix et al. (1959)
    • Discussion
    • Estrogen, Sex and Internal Secretions, and the Nobel Prize
    • The Elusive Search for the Male Brain
    • Concluding Remarks
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • References
    • Synthesis
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • eLetters
  • PDF

Keywords

  • estrogen
  • History
  • Male brain
  • Sex behavior
  • sex differences

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