Figure 5 p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation level varied across treatment groups. p38 phosphorylation levels were significantly induced in wild-type cerebellum and cortex following LPS treatment (A, D). Quantification showed high variability across each animal (B, E). Phospho-p38 immunohistochemistry confirmed the Western results (G, H, O, P, W, X). Atm−/− neurons had increased phospho-p38 levels in both cerebellum and cortex (G, K, O, S); quantification confirmed (W, X). LPS reduced phospho-p38 levels in Atm−/−
cortex as shown by Western blot (D, F) and immunohistochemistry (S, T, X) but had no effects on Atm−/−
cerebellum (A, C, K, L, W). IL1β induced p38 phosphorylation in Atm−/−
Purkinje cells (K, N, W). White arrows indicate neurons with nuclear phospho-p38. GC, Granule cell layer; ML, molecular layer. Scale bar, 50 µm. n = 5 for wild-type animals and n = 3 for Atm-/-
animals.