Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Injector tips were located within the BLA for animals receiving vehicle (A), SCH23390 (B), raclopride (C), and α-flupenthixol (D) prior to memory reactivation. Circles represent animals that received vehicle following memory reactivation, and squares the placements for the animals that received anisomycin following reactivation. Distances are given from bregma. This figure was modified, with permission, from Paxinos & Watson (2004).
- Figure 2
Dopamine receptor antagonism had no acute effects on behavior during the memory reactivation session. There were no differences between experimental groups in the number of nosepoke responses made or the number of CSs obtained during the memory reactivation session. Thus, dopamine receptor antagonism with SCH23390 (SCH), raclopride (RAC), or α-flupenthixol (FLU) did not acutely affect activity or memory retrieval relative to vehicle (VEH). Data are presented as means ± SEM. The bars represent data for all animals receiving the same infusion prior to reactivation; the circles and triangles represent data for the prospective experimental groups, based on the second infusion of anisomycin or vehicle following the reactivation session. Group sizes: VEH/VEH = 26; VEH/ANI = 9; SCH/VEH = 8; SCH/ANI = 6; RAC/VEH = 8; RAC/ANI = 7; FLU/VEH = 5; FLU/ANI = 8 rats per group.
- Figure 3
D1- or D2-subtype-selective dopamine receptor antagonism prevented the destabilization of CS−sucrose memory. A, The protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin (ANI), given immediately after CS−sucrose memory reactivation, disrupted memory reconsolidation when it followed an intra-BLA vehicle (VEH) infusion prior to reactivation, consequently preventing the CS from acting as a conditioned reinforcer during the test sessions. B, C, Antagonism at D1 dopamine receptors with SCH23390 (SCH; B) or antagonism at D2 dopamine receptors with raclopride (RAC; C) prior to reactivation prevented the amnestic effect of ANI, allowing the CS to act as a conditioned reinforcer during testing, consistent with a blockade of memory destabilization. D, Nonselective antagonism at dopamine receptors with α-flupenthixol (FLU) prior to reactivation did not prevent the amnestic effect of ANI administered post-reactivation. Data are square-root transformed and shown as mean ± SEM. Group sizes are as in Figure 2, with the same animals tested in each session.
Tables
Analysis Effect Outcome Data structure Type of test Power (α = 0.05) NP at TR squad F(17,59) = 1.15 a 2 0.681 session F(6.1,421) = 13.0 a 1 1 session × drug1 F(18,421) = 1.59 a 1 0.935 session × drug2 F(6.1,421) = 1.25 a 1 0.499 session × drug1 × drug2 F < 1 a 1 0.617 drug1 F < 1 a 1 0.089 drug2 F < 1 a 1 0.052 drug1 × drug2 F < 1 a 1 0.096 CS at TR session F(8,552) = 1.20 b 1 0.559 drug1 F < 1 b 1 0.234 drug2 F(1,69) = 2.52 b 1 0.346 drug1 × drug2 F < 1 b 1 0.234 session × drug1 F(24,552) = 1.56 b 1 0.971 session x drug1 x drug2 F(24,552) = 1.56 b 1 0.971 NP at React squad F(17,59) = 1.54 b 2 0.836 drug1 F < 1 b 2 0.159 CS at React drug1 F(3,76) = 1.45 b 2 0.37 NP at React drug2 F < 1 b 3 0.077 drug1 × drug2 F < 1 b 3 0.146 CS at React drug2 F < 1 b 3 0.086 drug1 × drug2 F < 1 b 3 0.156 LP at ANR squad F(17,59) = 1.08 a 2 0.644 drug1 × drug2 F(3,69) = 3.40 a 1 0.743 lever × drug1 × drug2 F(38.4,69.0) = 3.11 a 1 0.701 drug1 F(3,69) = 1.24 a 1 0.319 lever × drug1 F(14.4,69.0) = 1.16 a 1 0.3 drug2 F(1,69) = 2.67 a 1 0.364 lever × drug2 F < 1 a 1 0.052 NP at ANR drug1 F < 1 a 1 0.116 drug2 F(1,69) = 1.44 a 1 0.212 drug1 × drug2 F(3,69) = 1.72 a 1 0.498 session × drug1 F(16.7,386) = 1.71 a 1 0.941 LP/VEH ANI F(1,33) = 5.33 a 1 0.61 lever × session in VEH/VEH F(3.6,89.6) = 6.27 a 1 0.978 lever × session in VEH/ANI F(2.4,19.4) = 1.8 a 1 0.36 NP/VEH ANI F(1,33) = 2.05 a 1 0.285 session × ANI F < 1 a 1 0.265 LP/SCH SCH × ANI F(1,45) = 6.75 a 1 0.720 ANI F < 1 a 1 0.131 lever × ANI F < 1 a 1 0.078 lever × session × ANI F(2.99,35.9) = 1.60 a 1 0.384 lever F(1,12) = 36.7 a 1 1 lever × session F(2.99,35.9) = 3.88 a 1 0.78 NP/SCH ANI F(1,12) = 1.55 a 1 0.209 session × ANI F < 1 a 1 0.124 LP/RAC RAC × ANI F(1,46) = 7.26 a 1 0.751 lever F(1,13) = 23.1 a 1 0.993 lever × ANI F(1,13) = 6.04 a 1 0.623 ANI F < 1 a 1 0.081 NP/RAC ANI F(1,13) = 2.64 a 1 0.324 session × ANI F < 1 a 1 0.319 LP/FLU FLU × ANI F(1,44) = 2.26 a 1 0.312 ANI F(1,11) = 7.48 a 1 0.702 NP/FLU ANI F(1,11) = 1.36 a 1 0.187 session × ANI F < 1 a 1 0.231 LP/Drug1 drug1 F < 1 a 1 0.249 lever × drug1 F(3,43) = 1.43 a 1 0.352 session × drug1 F(15.6,224) = 1.11 a 1 0.72 lever × session × drug1 F < 1 a 1 0.5 LP/ANI drug1 F(3,26) = 3.01 a 1 0.639 lever × drug1 F(3,26) = 2.53 a 1 0.557 VEH/ANI lever F(1,8) = 2.13 a 1 0.251 FLU/ANI lever F(1,7) = 3.06 a 1 0.327 SCH/ANI lever F(1,5) = 29.6 a 1 0.989 RAC/ANI lever F(1,6) = 39.6 a 1 0.999 a, Normal distribution after transformation; b, normal distribution; 1, repeated-measures ANOVA; 2, one-way ANOVA; 3, two-way ANOVA. NP, nosepoke; TR, training session; React, memory reactivation session; LP, lever pressing; ANR, acquisition of a new response.
- Table 2
Training performance was equivalent across experimental groups Data are presented as mean ± SEM and where appropriate are given to 3 significant figures
Session 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CSs VEH/VEH 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 VEH/ANI 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 29.7 ± 0.33 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 SCH/VEH 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 SCH/ANI 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 RAC/VEH 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 RAC/ANI 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 29.4 ± 0.57 FLU/VEH 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 FLU/ANI 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 30 ± 0 Nosepokes VEH/VEH 80.2 ± 2.37 70.5 ± 2.67 64.8 ± 2.33 60.4 ± 2.47 62.8 ± 2.95 66.5 ± 3.06 72.8 ± 5.33 72.2 ± 4.28 82.3 ± 5.66 VEH/ANI 86.6 ± 7.01 65.3 ± 3.54 62.2 ± 4.16 62.3 ± 3.72 61.0 ± 2.86 63.9 ± 6.38 72.6 ± 4.36 70.7 ± 6.26 79.9 ± 6.75 SCH/VEH 85.5 ± 7.53 80.1 ± 10.8 72.0 ± 8.79 69.6 ± 11.4 77.0 ± 16.0 81.5 ± 16.5 77.8 ± 11.7 68.9 ± 12.3 70.1 ± 9.76 SCH/ANI 88.5 ± 7.48 80.7 ± 5.44 65.7 ± 4.55 70.8 ± 2.09 72.8 ± 6.52 73.0 ± 6.96 69.0 ± 6.52 57.5 ± 4.16 85.3 ± 8.09 RAC/VEH 82.5 ± 4.15 73.3 ± 4.85 71.8 ± 7.56 74.5 ± 5.61 60.5 ± 6.04 69.6 ± 3.67 65.1 ± 4.67 66.0 ± 6.39 77.8 ± 7.41 RAC/ANI 79.3 ± 3.57 73.6 ± 5.55 67.0 ± 2.27 63.9 ± 1.71 58.7 ± 3.94 57.3 ± 3.41 59.9 ± 7.48 73.1 ± 12.8 81.1 ± 16.6 FLU/VEH 79.6 ± 8.59 73.4 ± 13.53 68.2 ± 7.86 64.0 ± 7.56 58.0 ± 8.13 65.6 ± 5.45 63.4 ± 9.69 82.0 ± 7.50 67.6 ± 8.33 FLU/ANI 84.6 ± 5.73 64.8 ± 4.05 73.3 ± 6.52 67.4 ± 5.93 63.4 ± 6.67 64.0 ± 3.49 69.0 ± 5.15 66.5 ± 4.98 84.3 ± 7.44 - Table 3
Nosepokes made during testing of the acquisition of a new instrumental response for conditioned reinforcement. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. and are given to 3sf.
Post-reactivation day 1 2 5 8 15 22 29 VEH/VEH 54.1 ± 5.79 52.2 ± 5.60 47.5 ± 3.95 49.8 ± 3.98 56.9 ± 3.65 45.2 ± 3.99 38.3 ± 3.05 VEH/ANI 39.3 ± 6.07 42.9 ± 6.92 40.3 ± 5.21 44.9 ± 5.98 36.6 ± 4.92 38.9 ± 4.82 36.7 ± 6.26 SCH/VEH 61.1 ± 11.5 43.0 ± 4.30 39.5 ± 4.99 50.5 ± 8.82 38.5 ± 3.58 48.8 ± 13.4 37.6 ± 8.21 SCH/ANI 43.0 ± 9.49 35.3 ± 5.12 33.2 ± 4.90 33.8 ± 4.44 35.0 ± 5.65 32.3 ± 5.82 29.8 ± 6.40 RAC/VEH 33.1 ± 4.98 32.6 ± 4.57 36.5 ± 5.54 39.4 ± 4.85 50.8 ± 4.63 42.0 ± 5.04 40.5 ± 4.56 RAC/ANI 39.3 ± 6.47 44.9 ± 12.5 47.4 ± 9.36 66.4 ± 9.72 55.3 ± 5.56 56.3 ± 9.96 43.3 ± 6.75 FLU/VEH 45.7 ± 8.73 40.2 ± 5.54 50.0 ± 8.11 45.2 ± 8.27 68.0 ± 23.7 43.2 ± 5.17 54.2 ± 8.36 FLU/ANI 48.4 ± 11.0 33.6 ± 4.45 40.0 ± 6.75 33.4 ± 2.90 35.6 ± 4.92 47.3 ± 11.1 42.9 ± 7.57
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