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History
- Received October 12, 2025
- Revision received December 14, 2025
- Accepted December 17, 2025
- Published online January 20, 2026.
Copyright & Usage
Copyright © 2026 Huang et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
Author Information
- 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- 2The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- 3Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- Correspondence should be addressed to Shreesh P. Mysore at mysore{at}jhu.edu.
Author contributions
Author contributions: H.A. and S.P.M. designed research; H.H. and G.S. performed research; H.H., H.A., and S.P.M. contributed unpublished reagents/analytic tools; H.H. analyzed data; H.H., H.A., and S.P.M. wrote the paper.
Disclosures
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
We thank the members of the Mysore and Adwanikar groups for feedback and discussions. This work was supported by startup funds from the Johns Hopkins University (S.P.M. and H.A.).
↵*H.H. and G.S. are co-first authors with equal contribution.
↵**H.A. and S.P.M. are co-corresponding authors with equal contribution.
G.S.’s present address: Kearney, Canada.
Funding
Johns Hopkins University (JHU)
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