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History
- Received June 9, 2024
- Revision received April 21, 2025
- Accepted April 30, 2025
- Published online June 2, 2025.
Copyright & Usage
Copyright © 2025 Koita et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
Author Information
Author contributions
Author contributions: O.K., J.J.L., and J.T.W. designed research; O.K. and J.J.L. performed research; O.K. and J.J.L. analyzed data; O.K., J.J.L., and J.T.W. wrote the paper.
Disclosures
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health DA04523 (J.T.W.) and F99NS129176 (O.K.). We thank Marina Wolf for providing MOR-Cre × tdTomato rats for imaging experiments. We thank Seksiri Arttamangkul and Skyler Jackman for helpful comments on the analysis and presentation of this work.
Funding
NIH NIDA
DA04523HHS | NIH | NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research (NIH Blueprint)
F99NS129176
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