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Research ArticleResearch Article: New Research, Disorders of the Nervous System

Characterizing the Diversity of Layer 2/3 Human Neocortical Neurons in Pediatric Epilepsy

J. Keenan Kushner, Paige B. Hoffman, Christine R. Brzezinski, Matthew N. Svalina, Brent R. O’Neill, Todd C. Hankinson, Charles C. Wilkinson, Michael H. Handler, Serapio M. Baca, Molly M. Huntsman and Allyson L. Alexander
eNeuro 17 April 2025, 12 (5) ENEURO.0247-24.2025; https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0247-24.2025
J. Keenan Kushner
1Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
3Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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  • ORCID record for J. Keenan Kushner
Paige B. Hoffman
1Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
3Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Christine R. Brzezinski
3Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Matthew N. Svalina
1Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
4Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
5Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Brent R. O’Neill
1Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
3Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Todd C. Hankinson
1Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
3Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Charles C. Wilkinson
1Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
3Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Michael H. Handler
1Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
3Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Serapio M. Baca
2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
6Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
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Molly M. Huntsman
1Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
7Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Allyson L. Alexander
1Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
3Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Article Information

DOI 
https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0247-24.2025
PubMed 
40246555
Published By 
Society for Neuroscience
History 
  • Received May 16, 2024
  • Revision received March 17, 2025
  • Accepted March 20, 2025
  • Published online April 17, 2025.
Copyright & Usage 
Copyright © 2025 Kushner et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

Author Information

  1. J. Keenan Kushner1,2,3,
  2. Paige B. Hoffman1,3,
  3. Christine R. Brzezinski3,
  4. Matthew N. Svalina1,2,4,5,
  5. Brent R. O’Neill1,3,
  6. Todd C. Hankinson1,3,
  7. Charles C. Wilkinson1,3,
  8. Michael H. Handler1,3,
  9. Serapio M. Baca2,6,
  10. Molly M. Huntsman1,2,7 and
  11. Allyson L. Alexander1,3
  1. 1Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
  2. 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
  3. 3Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
  4. 4Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
  5. 5Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
  6. 6Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
  7. 7Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
  1. Correspondence should be addressed to J. Keenan Kushner at Keenan.Kushner{at}cuanschutz.edu or Allyson L. Alexander at Allyson.Alexander{at}childrenscolorado.org.
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Author contributions

  1. Author contributions: J.K.K., M.H.H., and A.L.A. designed research; J.K.K., P.B.H., C.R.B., M.N.S., B.R.O., T.C.H., C.C.W., and M.H.H. performed research; S.M.B. contributed unpublished reagents/analytic tools; J.K.K. analyzed data; J.K.K., M.H.H., and A.L.A. wrote the paper.

Disclosures

  • The authors declare no competing financial interests.

  • These studies were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health: R56 MH127213 (M.M.H.), R01NS095311 (M.M.H.), AES Junior Investigator Award (A.L.A.); NINDS Award 1K08NS131572-01A1 (A.L.A.).

Funding

  • HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)

    1K08NS131572-01A1; R01NS095311
  • HHS | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

    MH127213

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Characterizing the Diversity of Layer 2/3 Human Neocortical Neurons in Pediatric Epilepsy
J. Keenan Kushner, Paige B. Hoffman, Christine R. Brzezinski, Matthew N. Svalina, Brent R. O’Neill, Todd C. Hankinson, Charles C. Wilkinson, Michael H. Handler, Serapio M. Baca, Molly M. Huntsman, Allyson L. Alexander
eNeuro 17 April 2025, 12 (5) ENEURO.0247-24.2025; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0247-24.2025

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Characterizing the Diversity of Layer 2/3 Human Neocortical Neurons in Pediatric Epilepsy
J. Keenan Kushner, Paige B. Hoffman, Christine R. Brzezinski, Matthew N. Svalina, Brent R. O’Neill, Todd C. Hankinson, Charles C. Wilkinson, Michael H. Handler, Serapio M. Baca, Molly M. Huntsman, Allyson L. Alexander
eNeuro 17 April 2025, 12 (5) ENEURO.0247-24.2025; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0247-24.2025
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Keywords

  • DNET
  • focal cortical dysplasia
  • gliosis
  • layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons
  • intrinsic properties
  • tuberous sclerosis

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