Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Locations of ROIs for connectivity analyses. a, Main regions: early visual (V1, V2); core scene (OPA, pPPA, aPPA, RSC); extended scene [cIPL, hippocampus (not pictured)]. Note that surface projections of volumetric regions provide only approximate visualizations—see Extended Data Figure 1-1 for an alternative volume-based visualization. b, 17 cortical resting-state networks from the Yeo atlas (Yeo et al., 2011). c, Subcortical structures segmented from T1 anatomical scan.
- Figure 2.
Behavioral measures of scene processing: RM for scenes; SBSOD; SAM (spatial subscale); navigation test (overall score and subscales). a, Kernel density estimates illustrating distributions of scores on each measure. Higher scores indicate better performance. The horizontal axes extend to the limits of each measure, except the SAM where the axis extends to the data limits. b, Correlations between measures. Significant correlations are labeled in bold with an asterisk (p < 0.05; FWER corrected). c, Hierarchical clustering and (d) multidimensional scaling visualizations of the correlation matrix.
- Figure 3.
Group average functional connectivity between ROIs. a, Connectivity between early visual, core scene, and extended scene regions. b, Hierarchical clustering and (c) multidimensional scaling representations of the connectivity matrix. Connectivity of the core scene regions was also measured with (d) 17 cortical resting-state networks and (e) subcortical regions. See Extended Data Figure 3-1 for split-half reliability estimates of the functional connectivity.
- Figure 4.
Group average seed-based functional connectivity for each core scene region. Statistical overlays illustrate cluster-corrected Z-scores for one-sample tests of connectivity against zero. Black outlines indicate locations of core scene regions (OPA, PPA, RSC), and the green outline indicates the location of the cIPL.
- Figure 5.
Correlations between behavioral measures (RM for scenes; SBSOD; SAM, spatial subscale; navigation test, overall score) and functional connectivity between early visual, core scene, and extended scene regions (compare Fig. 3a). The top row illustrates correlation values—open circles indicate correlations significant at an uncorrected level (p < 0.05). No correlations survived a FWER correction. The bottom row illustrates Bayes factors on a log scale—positive and negative values indicate support for the alternative and null hypotheses, respectively. Square markers indicate Bayes factors >3 or <1/3. Correlations with subscales of the Navigation test are illustrated in Extended Data Figure 5-1.
- Figure 6.
Correlations between behavioral measures (RM for scenes; SBSOD; SAM, spatial subscale; navigation test, overall score) and functional connectivity between core scene regions and 17 cortical resting-state networks (compare Fig. 3d). The left column illustrates correlation values—open circles indicate correlations significant at an uncorrected level; filled circles indicate correlations significant following a FWER correction (p < 0.05). The right column illustrates Bayes factors on a log scale—positive and negative values indicate support for the alternative and null hypotheses, respectively. Square markers indicate Bayes factors >3 or <1/3. Correlations with subscales of the navigation test are illustrated in Extended Data Figure 6-1.
- Figure 7.
Correlations between behavioral measures (RM for scenes; SBSOD; SAM, spatial subscale; navigation test, overall score) and functional connectivity between core scene and subcortical regions (compare Fig. 3e). The left column illustrates correlation values—open circles indicate correlations significant at an uncorrected level (p < 0.05). No correlations survived the FWER correction. The right column illustrates Bayes factors on a log scale—positive and negative values indicate support for the alternative and null hypotheses, respectively. Square markers indicate Bayes factors >3 or <1/3. Correlations with subscales of the navigation test are illustrated in Extended Data Figure 7-1.
- Figure 8.
Results of ridge regression analyses, predicting behavioral measures from functional connectivity across all connections between: main ROIs (early visual, core scene, extended scene; compare Fig. 3a), core scene regions and cortical resting-state networks (compare Fig. 3d) and core scene and subcortical regions (compare Fig. 3e). Plots illustrate mean and standard error of model R2 values over cross-validation folds. a, Prediction of main behavioral measures (RM for scenes; SBSOD; SAM, spatial subscale; navigation test, overall score). b, Prediction of navigation test subscales.
- Figure 9.
Correlations between behavior and seed-based functional connectivity. Brain plots illustrate clusters showing (a) positive and (b) negative correlations between connectivity and behavior for each seed region (Z > 3.3; two-tailed p < 0.001). c, The percentage of voxels across all clusters overlapping with seven cortical resting-state networks from the Yeo atlas (Yeo et al., 2011) and subcortical structures.
Tables
- Table 1.
Locations of voxel clusters showing significant positive correlations between seed connectivity and behavioral measures
Seed Measure Cluster size (mm3) Peak MNI coordinate (x, y, z; mm) Cluster region Left OPA Navigation (clip recognition) 2,632 −26, 12, 2 Left putamen 1,880 26, 12, 2 Right putamen 944 −44, 42, 4 Left frontal pole Navigation (proximity judgments) 896 −36, −32, 52 Left postcentral gyrus Right OPA SAM (spatial) 1,856 −4, −60, 42 Left precuneus Left pPPA Navigation (proximity judgments) 1,256 10, −62, −26 Bilateral cerebellum 1,192 −58, −40, 6 Left superior temporal sulcus Left RSC SAM (spatial) 984 −54, 14, −26 Left temporal pole Navigation (route knowledge) 1,120 18, −82, −44 Right cerebellum Navigation (scene recognition) 1,296 −62, 8, 4 Left precentral gyrus 1,224 38, 2, 6 Right insula 808 44, −50, 10 Right middle temporal gyrus Right RSC SAM (spatial) 2,000 −50, 16, −24 Left temporal pole Navigation (overall) 880 −50, 10, 24 Left inferior frontal gyrus Navigation (scene recognition) 1,736 −6, −36, 70 Left postcentral gyrus 784 −62, 10, 6 Left precentral gyrus - Table 2.
Locations of voxel clusters showing significant negative correlations between seed connectivity and behavioral measures
Seed Measure Cluster size (mm3) Peak MNI coordinate (x, y, z; mm) Cluster region Right pPPA RM (scenes) 1,424 0, −74, 52 Left precuneus Navigation (scene recognition) 992 −4, −48, 18 Left posterior cingulate 888 4, −36, 34 Right posterior cingulate Left aPPA Navigation (scene recognition) 542 10, 52, −6 Bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex 326 −6, −52, 16 Bilateral posterior cingulate Left RSC SAM (spatial) 928 −16, 26, 36 Left cingulate sulcus Right RSC SAM (spatial) 2,448 4, 32, 2 Bilateral anterior cingulate Navigation (scene recognition) 912 10, 54, 20 Right superior frontal gyrus
Figure 1-1
Volume-based visualisation of main regions of interest for connectivity analyses: early visual (V1, V2); core scene (Occipital Place Area [OPA], posterior and anterior Parahippocampal Place Area [pPPA, aPPA], Retrosplenial Complex [RSC]); extended scene (caudal Inferior Parietal Lobule [cIPL], Hippocampus). Regions are displayed on the MNI152 brain. Download Figure 1-1, TIF file.
Figure 3-1
Split-half reliability of functional connectivity between first and second halves of resting-state scan runs. Matrices illustrate group average functional connectivity between (a) main regions of interest, (b) core scene regions and 17 cortical resting-state networks, and (c) core scene regions and subcortical regions for each data split. (d) Split-half correlations between connectivity matrices. Violin plots illustrate distributions of correlations over individual subjects. Diamond markers indicate correlations between group average matrices. Download Figure 3-1, TIF file.
Figure 5-1
Correlations between subscales of the Navigation test and functional connectivity between early visual, core scene, and extended scene regions (cf. Figure 2a). Top row illustrates correlation values – open circles indicate correlations significant at an uncorrected level (p < 0.05). No correlations survived the FWER correction. Bottom row illustrates Bayes factors on a log scale – positive and negative values indicate support for the alternative and null hypotheses respectively. Square markers indicate Bayes factors greater than 3 or less than 1/3. Download Figure 5-1, TIF file.
Figure 6-1
Correlations between subscales of the Navigation test and functional connectivity between core scene regions and cortical resting-state networks (cf. Figure 2d). Left column illustrates correlation values – open circles indicate correlations significant at an uncorrected level (p < 0.05). No correlations survived the FWER correction. Right column illustrates Bayes factors on a log scale – positive and negative values indicate support for the alternative and null hypotheses respectively. Square markers indicate Bayes factors greater than 3 or less than 1/3. Download Figure 6-1, TIF file.
Figure 7-1
Correlations between subscales of the Navigation test and functional connectivity between core scene and subcortical regions (cf. Figure 2e). Left column illustrates correlation values – open circles indicate correlations significant at an uncorrected level; filled circles indicate correlations significant following a FWER correction (p < 0.05). Right column illustrates Bayes factors on a log scale – positive and negative values indicate support for the alternative and null hypotheses respectively. Square markers indicate Bayes factors greater than 3 or less than 1/3. Download Figure 7-1, TIF file.
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