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PubMed
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History
- Received March 28, 2025
- Revision received September 30, 2025
- Accepted October 6, 2025
- Published online November 10, 2025.
Copyright & Usage
Copyright © 2025 Aparicio et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
Author Information
- Paul L. Aparicio1,*,
- Jeffrey D. Walker1,*,
- Jason N. MacLean2,3,4,§ and
- Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos1,3,4,§
- 1Departments of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- 2Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- 3Committee on Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- 4University of Chicago Neuroscience Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Correspondence should be addressed to Paul L. Aparicio at aparicio{at}uchicago.edu.
Author contributions
Author contributions: P.L.A., J.D.W., J.N.M., and N.G.H. designed research; J.D.W. performed research; P.L.A. and J.D.W. analyzed data; P.L.A., J.D.W., J.N.M., and N.G.H. wrote the paper.
Disclosures
N.G.H. serves as a consultant for Blackrock Neurotech, the company that manufactures the electrode arrays, wireless headstages, and neural data acquisition system for this study.
This work was supported by a NIH Brain Initiative Grant RF1NS132033.
↵*P.L.A. and J.D.W. contributed equally to this work.
↵§J.N.M. and N.G.H. are co-senior authors.
J.D.W.’s present address: Center for Neurocomputation and Machine Intelligence, Wu Tsai Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511.
Funding
HHS | NIH | BRAIN Initiative (The BRAIN Initiative)
R01NS104898; RF1NS132033






