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Research ArticleResearch Article: New Research, Cognition and Behavior

Selective Listening to Unpredictable Sound Sequences Increases Tonic Muscle Activity in the Human Vestigial Auriculomotor System

Adrian Mai, Steven A. Hillyard, Daniel J. Strauss and Farah I. Corona-Strauss
eNeuro 25 September 2025, 12 (10) ENEURO.0301-25.2025; https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0301-25.2025
Adrian Mai
1Systems Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University & htw saar, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
2Center for Digital Neurotechnologies Saar, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
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Steven A. Hillyard
3Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
4Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg 39118, Germany
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Daniel J. Strauss
1Systems Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University & htw saar, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
2Center for Digital Neurotechnologies Saar, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
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Farah I. Corona-Strauss
1Systems Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University & htw saar, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
2Center for Digital Neurotechnologies Saar, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
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Article Information

DOI 
https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0301-25.2025
PubMed 
40998587
Published By 
Society for Neuroscience
History 
  • Received August 12, 2025
  • Accepted August 14, 2025
  • Published online September 25, 2025.
Copyright & Usage 
Copyright © 2025 Mai et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

Author Information

  1. Adrian Mai1,2,
  2. Steven A. Hillyard3,4,
  3. Daniel J. Strauss1,2 and
  4. Farah I. Corona-Strauss1,2
  1. 1Systems Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University & htw saar, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
  2. 2Center for Digital Neurotechnologies Saar, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
  3. 3Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
  4. 4Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg 39118, Germany
  1. Correspondence should be addressed to Daniel J. Strauss at daniel.strauss{at}uni-saarland.de.
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Author contributions

  1. Author Contributions: A.M., S.A.H., D.J.S., and F.I.C.-S. designed research; A.M., S.A.H., D.J.S., and F.I.C.-S. performed research; A.M. analyzed data; A.M. wrote the paper.

Disclosures

  • The authors declare no competing financial interests.

  • The authors were partially supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the state of Saarland by the Center for Digital Neurotechnologies Saar (CDNS; Project-ID: EFRE-HS-0000835). The authors would like to thank Steven A. Hackley, Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, USA for his feedback on an earlier version of this article.

Funding

  • European Region Development Fund

    CDNS

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Selective Listening to Unpredictable Sound Sequences Increases Tonic Muscle Activity in the Human Vestigial Auriculomotor System
Adrian Mai, Steven A. Hillyard, Daniel J. Strauss, Farah I. Corona-Strauss
eNeuro 25 September 2025, 12 (10) ENEURO.0301-25.2025; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0301-25.2025

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Selective Listening to Unpredictable Sound Sequences Increases Tonic Muscle Activity in the Human Vestigial Auriculomotor System
Adrian Mai, Steven A. Hillyard, Daniel J. Strauss, Farah I. Corona-Strauss
eNeuro 25 September 2025, 12 (10) ENEURO.0301-25.2025; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0301-25.2025
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Keywords

  • auditory attention
  • electromyography
  • posterior auricular muscle (PAM)
  • selective attention
  • vestigial auriculomotor system

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