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History
- Received June 18, 2025
- Revision received September 5, 2025
- Accepted September 9, 2025
- Published online October 7, 2025.
Copyright & Usage
Copyright © 2025 Doyen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
Author Information
- 1Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics (ICTEAM), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
- 2Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
- 3WEL Research Institute, Wavre 1300, Belgium
- Correspondence should be addressed to Frédéric Crevecoeur at frederic.crevecoeur{at}uclouvain.be.
Author contributions
Author contributions: A.D., P.L., and F.C. designed research; A.D. performed research; A.D., P.L., and F.C. analyzed data; A.D., P.L., and F.C. wrote the paper.
Disclosures
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
A.D. was supported by Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS P.D.R. – Projet de Recherche). F.C. was supported by the F.R.S.-FNRS Grant 1.C.033.18. This work was additionally supported by a Concerted Research Action of Université catholique de Louvain (ARC; “coAction”) and by the WEL Research Institute (WELBIO Advanced Grant).
Funding
Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (F.R.S. - FNRS)
ARC (UCLouvain) - coAction
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