Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Schematic depicting afferent inputs to VP that modulate VTA dopamine neuron population activity and the role of these inputs in various pathological states. Ventral hippocampus (vHipp); paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT); nucleus accumbens (NAc); basolateral amygdala (BLA); ventral pallidum (VP); ventral tegmental area (VTA); major depressive disorder (MDD).
- Figure 2.
The proportion of VTA dopamine neurons inhibited by VP stimulation increases after vHipp activation. A, The proportion of VTA dopamine neurons unaffected, activated, or inhibited by VP stimulation after delivery of vehicle or NMDA into the vHipp. B, The number of spontaneously active VTA dopamine neurons (population activity) after delivery of vehicle or NMDA into the vHipp. C, The percentage of action potentials firing in bursts. D, Firing frequency of recorded dopamine neurons at the baseline and during VP stimulation. E, F, Average firing frequency (E) or percentage action potentials firing in bursts (F) of dopamine neurons unaffected, excited, or inhibited by VP stimulation. G, H, Representative brain slices of (G) VP (gray square) with stimulating electrode placement (arrow), (H) vHipp (open square) with cannula placement (open arrow), and VTA (gray square) with recording electrode placement (black arrow). I, Representative peristimulus time histograms for dopamine neurons unaffected, excited, or inhibited by VP stimulation. J, Representative electrophysiology recording of dopamine neurons before and during VP stimulations (black bar) and action potential traces for dopamine neuron unaffected, excited, or inhibited by VP stimulation. ***p < 0.001.
- Figure 3.
The VP projects to a subset of VTA dopamine neurons. A, Schematic depicting monosynaptic labeling using H129 and helper virus and injection timeline. B, Representative brain slice of VP with cannula placement (arrow). C, Representative brain slice of mesencephalon containing VTA and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunolabeling (green). D, Representative images of cells in VTA indicating colocalized cells (left, white circles), TH+ only cells (middle, green circles), and tdTomato (Td)+ only cells (right, red circles). E, The percentage of TH+ cells colabeled with Td (left) and the percentage of Td+ cells colabeled with TH (right). F, The number of colocalized cells along the medial (M)/lateral (L) axis. G, The number of colocalized cells along the anterior (A)/posterior (P) axis.
Tables
- Table 1.
Statistical table indicating data structure and confidence intervals for all statistical analysis
Figure Data structure Type of test Power a Figure 2A Contingency table χ2 N/A b Figure 2B Normal distribution t test 95% CI [0.31,0.88] c Figure 2C Not normally distributed Mann–Whitney 95% CI [−5.0,6.2] d Figure 2D Not normally distributed ART ANOVA 95% CI
Veh [188,221]
NMDA [194,227]
BL [198,231]
Stim [184,217]
e Figure 2E Not normally distributed Kruskal–Wallis 95% CI [2.98,3.72; 2.27,4.19; 3.41,4.23] f Figure 2F Not normally distributed Kruskal–Wallis 95% CI [20.92,30.05; 26.78,50.17; 25.25,37.75] g Figure 3E Normal distribution t test 95% CI [−21.6 to 16.6] h Figure 3F Normal distribution One-way ANOVA 95% CI [20.64,50.27; 23.81,57.08; 19.66,64.76] i Figure 3G Normal distribution One-way ANOVA 95% CI [34.32,171.7; 105.4,210.6; 74.08,258.9; −0.4113,149.1]
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