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History
- Received July 29, 2024
- Revision received November 22, 2024
- Accepted December 4, 2024
- Published online January 2, 2025.
Copyright & Usage
Copyright © 2025 Stapf et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
Author Information
- Catherine A. Stapf1,2,
- Sara E. Keefer2,
- Jessica M. McInerney1,2,
- Joseph F. Cheer1,2 and
- Donna J. Calu1,2
- 1Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- 2Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Correspondence should be addressed to Donna J. Calu at dcalu{at}som.umaryland.edu.
Author contributions
Author contributions: C.A.S., J.F.C., and D.J.C. designed research; C.A.S., S.E.K., and J.M.M. performed research; C.A.S. and D.J.C. analyzed data; C.A.S. and D.J.C. wrote the paper.
Disclosures
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
This work was supported by the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) Grant R01DA043533 (to D.J.C.), the NIDA Grant R01DA022340 (to J.F.C.), the NIDA National Research Service Award F31DA057817 (to C.A.S.), and the Department of Neurobiology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Funding
HHS | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
F31DA057817; R01DA022340; R01DA043533School of Medicine, University of Maryland (UMSOM)
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