Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Illustrative schematics of the study design. In our study, migraine patients (M) were assessed in four MRI sessions based on the migraine cycle phase: interictal (M-inter), pre-attack (M-pre), during the attack (M-ict), and postattack (M-post). In addition, HCs were scanned in corresponding periods of their menstrual cycle: perimenstrual phase (HC-pm) and postovulation phase (HC-postov). The total number of subjects per session is shown.
- Figure 2.
Spatial distribution of the significant differences found in the voxelwise comparisons between patients and controls: AD for [M-inter] < [HC-postov] (top) and FA for [M-ict] < [HC-pm] (bottom). The p value maps are displayed for DTI (green) and DKI (blue), as well as their overlap (red). Interictally, patients showed lower AD compared with HCs (in postovulation) across multiple WM regions, more with DKI. Ictally, patients showed lower FA compared with HCs (in perimenstrual phases) across multiple WM regions, only with DKI.
- Figure 3.
The percentage of voxels exhibiting significant changes in each ROI of the WM skeleton, for the two comparisons showing significant differences, [M-inter] versus [HC-postov] (left) and [M-ict] versus [HC-pm] (right), for each diffusion parameter (FA, MD, AD, RD, MK, AK, and RK), and both signal representations, DTI and DKI. Blue/red colors are used to represent decreased/increased values in comparison with controls.
- Figure 4.
ROI analysis results are shown for AD exhibiting significant effects in multiple WM tracts across the migraine cycle estimated using the DKI signal representation. In the UNC, AD showed decreased values in the interictal phase, which tended to normalize during the peri-ictal phases. In addition, a reduction in AD was observed in the M-inter phase also in AntCor, Postthal, SLF, and cingulate, which also tended to normalize during the peri-ictal phases. Significant post hoc differences are shown and adjusted for multiple comparisons as indicated by *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
- Figure 5.
ROI analysis results are shown for FA exhibiting significant effects in multiple WM tracts across the migraine cycle estimated using the DKI signal representation. In the UNC, FA showed decreased values in the interictal phase, which tended to normalize during the peri-ictal phases. In addition, FA in both the PLIC and CC_body showed normal values in the M-interictal phase, but these were significantly reduced specifically in the M-ictal phase. Significant post hoc differences are shown and adjusted for multiple comparisons as indicated by *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
Tables
- Table 1.
Distribution of contraception methods and median (interquartile range) scores for anxiety (STAI-T) and depression (ZSDS) in migraine (M) and healthy control (HC) groups with corresponding p values
M HC p value Contraception None 5 12 - IUD 3 0 - Pill 6 3 - Anxiety STAI-T score 38 (7) 40 (7) 0.41 Depression ZSDS score 38 (7) 36 (10) 0.46 IUD, intrauterine device.
- Table 2.
Summary of the percentage of voxels exhibiting significant differences in the comparisons between groups (M and HC) and sessions (inter, postov, pre, pm, ict, post) for each diffusion parameter (FA, MD, AD, RD, MK, AK, and RK) and both diffusion models (DTI and DKI)
Comparisons M-inter vs HC-postov M-pre vs HC-pm M-ict vs HC-pm M-post vs HC-pm DTI DKI DTI DKI DTI DKI DTI DKI FA - - - - - ↓ (28%) - - MD - - - - - - - - AD ↓ (11%) ↓ (36%) - - - - - - RD - - - - - - - - MK - - - - - - - - AK - - - - - - - - RK - - - - - - - - The results are corrected for age effects. Groups and sessions: M-inter, migraine interictal; M-pre, migraine preictal; M-ictal, migraine ictal; M-post, migraine postictal; HC-postov, healthy control postovulation; HC-pm, healthy control perimenstrual. Diffusion models: DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; DKI, diffusional kurtosis imaging. Metrics: FA, fractional anisotropy; MD, mean diffusivity; AD, axial diffusivity; RD, radial diffusivity; MK, mean kurtosis; AK, axial kurtosis; RK, radial kurtosis. Symbols: ↓, decrease; ↑, increase; -, no significant change.
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