Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Experimental setup. Mobile-EEG and AR operant chamber paradigm. A, Dimensions of the physical room and placement of the task holograms. Purple and green lines denote rightward and leftward trajectories, respectively. B, AR hardware and EEG setup, which include a HoloLens 2 (Microsoft), V-amp EEG system with 16-channel BrainVision actiCAP electrodes, and StimTrak system to record event triggers (audio; Brain Products), a tablet to record EEG data and a standard laptop to monitor subjects’ field of view (FOV) and to provide instructions. C, An example of a rightward trajectory in the AR task (see Extended Data Fig. 1-1 for a video that depicts trial-to-trial sequence of events).
- Figure 2.
Results of the AR operant chamber performance analysis. Behavioral analysis for choice (A) and reaction time (B). Green and purple bars denote leftward and rightward trajectories, and blue (reward) and red (no-reward) bars denote postfeedback return behavior (feedback location to start location) and next trial behavior (start location to feedback). To note, although not shown here, reaction time was slower during the return to start location following no-reward cues (M = 2.43 s ± 0.10 s) compared with reward cues (M = 2.38 s ± 0.11 s), p < 0.05. Significant effects are shown as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (two-tailed). Error bars denote standard error.
- Figure 3.
Reward positivity results. A, ERPs elicited by reward feedback (blue), no-reward feedback (red), and a difference wave representing reward positivity (REWP, black) averaged across all blocks. Topoplots denote the amplitude of the reward positivity at 230 ms (top left and bottom right panel). B, For the purpose of comparison, we plotted the ERPs over posterior channel P8 to highlight that the feedback stimulus presented in the AR paradigm is capable of eliciting ERPs commonly associated with perceptual processing of the stimulus (N100 and N170). Data are associated with channel FCz (left panel) and P8 (right panel) and negative is plotted up by convention. C, For illustrative purposes, we show the t statistic across time between reward and no-reward ERPs averaged across frontocentral scalp locations FCz and Cz. Dashed lines denote the significant threshold (p < 0.01). Note the time regions that exceeded this threshold correspond to the time range of the reward positivity.
Extended Data
Movie 1
Download Movie 1, MP4 file.
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