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Opinion, Novel Tools and Methods

What N Is N-ough for MRI-Based Animal Neuroimaging?

Joanes Grandjean, Evelyn M. R. Lake, Marco Pagani and Francesca Mandino
eNeuro 18 March 2024, 11 (3) ENEURO.0531-23.2024; https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0531-23.2024
Joanes Grandjean
1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands
2Department for Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands
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Evelyn M. R. Lake
3Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
4Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
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Marco Pagani
5Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto 38068, Italy
6IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca 55100, Italy
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Francesca Mandino
3Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
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eneuro: 11 (3)
eNeuro
Vol. 11, Issue 3
March 2024
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What N Is N-ough for MRI-Based Animal Neuroimaging?
Joanes Grandjean, Evelyn M. R. Lake, Marco Pagani, Francesca Mandino
eNeuro 18 March 2024, 11 (3) ENEURO.0531-23.2024; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0531-23.2024

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What N Is N-ough for MRI-Based Animal Neuroimaging?
Joanes Grandjean, Evelyn M. R. Lake, Marco Pagani, Francesca Mandino
eNeuro 18 March 2024, 11 (3) ENEURO.0531-23.2024; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0531-23.2024
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Large N Is Becoming the Norm for MRI-Based Human Neuroimaging
    • Are the Considerations for Large N Different for Animal Studies?
    • Are Effects Larger in MRI-Based Animal Neuroimaging than Behavioral Studies?
    • Small Effects Are Not Bad. It Is Our Study Designs That Are Inadequate
    • What Are We Trying to Accomplish?
    • The Unparalleled Power (and Dimensionality) of Animal Research
    • Humans Are Similar, Mice Are (Almost) Identical: Do We Really Understand the Sources of Heterogeneity in Our Neuroimaging Data?
    • Increasing N Is Not Our Only Option for Improving Our Science
    • What If the Effect Size Is Too Small to Detect with a Small N? Is N = 1,000 Ethical in Animal Research?
    • How Animal Neuroimaging Data Are Obtained Matters
    • Are We Able/Ready to Handle Big Datasets?
    • What Should We Focus on, Instead?
    • End Debate—Scene Unfreezes—Time to Answer the Question
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Keywords

  • animal neuroimaging
  • fMRI
  • rodent
  • sample size

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