Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Increased INMDA of SON MNCs in DOCA-salt rats. A, Systolic blood pressure at different times in naive control (normal control, n = 6), DOCA-H2O (n = 6), and DOCA-salt model rats (DOCA-salt, n = 18) (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, compared with normal control). B, Representative current traces showing effects of Mg2+, followed by the sequential application of AP5 (200 µM), a NMDA receptor antagonist, in holding current in DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt model rats at 1 week. Representative current traces show the effect of sequential application of Mg2+ (1.2 mM) and additional AP5 (100 mM) on the holding current of SON MNCs at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. C,D, Summarized bar graph showing average tonic current amplitude block by Mg2+ (C) and additional AP5 (D) in each week, respectively. **p < 0.01, compared with DOCA-H2O.
- Figure 2.
Pharmacology of INMDA in DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt group. A–C, Representative current traces showing the effect of PEAQX (1 µM), a NR2A receptor antagonist (A), ifenprodil (30 µM), an NR2B receptor antagonist (B), and PPDA (1 µM), an NR2C/D antagonist (C) on holding current. Note that ifenprodil and PPDA caused minimal effects on Iholding, while additional PEAQX caused larger Iholding changes in DOCA-salt groups. D, Summarized bar graph showing mean of holding current change by each antagonist. *p < 0.05, compared with DOCA-H2O; n = 6 and 8 in DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt, respectively.
- Figure 3.
Comparison of INMDA in the presence of EAAT antagonist, TBOA, in DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt models. A, Representative current traces showing the effects of TBOA, a glutamate transporter blocker (100 µM), followed by the sequential application of AP5 (200 µM), an NMDA receptor antagonist and kynurenic acid (5 mM), a glutamate receptor antagonist, in holding current. Note that AP5 completely reversed Iholding change induced by TBOA in both DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt. B, Summarized bar graph showing the mean of holding current change by TBOA (left) and additional AP5 (right). *p < 0.05, compared with DOCA-H2O; n = 6 and 7 in DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt, respectively.
- Figure 4.
Comparison of INMDA in the presence of exogenous glutamate in DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt groups. A, Representative current traces show the effect of PEAQX and additional AP5 (100 µM) on the holding current of SON MNCs. Note that PEAQX and AP5 caused similar changes in Iholding. B, Summarized bar graph showing mean of holding current change by PEAQX (left) and additional AP5 (right); n = 7 and 9 in DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt, respectively.
- Figure 5.
The expression of NMDAR subunit in the DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt groups. A, Representative image of a Western blot showing NR2A, NR2B, and NR2D subunit expression in DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt groups. B, Summarized bar graph showing the relative expression of NMDRAs in the SON of DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt groups. The protein expression was normalized to the level detected in the DOCA-H2O group and compared with the expression in DOCA-salt animals. Summarized data shown are the mean ± SE (n = 3 rats).
- Figure 6.
Pharmacology of INMDA in depolarized SON MNCs. A, Representative traces showing the Iholding changes induced by the sequential addition of 1 µM PPDA, 1 µM PEAQX, and 10 µM IFD in DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt groups with a depolarized membrane potential (Vh, +40 mV). The dotted lines indicate the mean Iholding under each condition. B, Summarized Iholding changes induced by PPDA, PEAQX, and IFD in SON MNCs from both DOCA-H2O and DOCA-salt groups; n = 6 in each group.
- Figure 7.
Mechanism of generating INMDA in the presence of exogenous glutamate in nondepolarized and depolarized SON MNCs. A, Representative current traces show the effect of PEAQX and additional AP5 (100 µM) on the holding current of nondepolarized SON MNCs in basal condition and in the presence of 10 µM glutamate. B, Summarized bar graph showing mean of holding current change by PEAQX (left), additional AP5 (middle), and total INMDA (right); n = 7 and 9 in basal and in the presence of 10 µM, respectively. C, Representative current traces show the effect of PEAQX and additional AP5 (100 µM) on the holding current of depolarized SON MNCs in basal condition and in the presence of 10 µM glutamate. D, Summarized bar graph showing mean of holding current change by PEAQX (left), additional AP5 (middle), and total INMDA (right); n = 6 in both condition. E, Representative current traces show the effect of ifenprodil and additional AP5 (100 µM) on the holding current of depolarized SON MNCs in basal condition and in the presence of 10 µM glutamate. F, Summarized bar graph showing mean of holding current change by IFD (left), additional AP5 (middle), and total INMDA (right); n = 7 and 6 in basal and in the presence of 10 µM, respectively.
Tables
- Table 1.
Changes in metabolic parameters after 1 week in DOCA-salt induced hypertensive model
Parameters DOCA-H2O DOCA-Salt p value Serum osmolality (mOsm/L) 313 ± 3.26 310 ± 1.45 0.40 Urine osmolality (mOsm/L) 1,098 ± 60.24 657 ± 31.49 <0.001 Water intake (ml/d) 15 ± 4.97 145 ± 13.67 <0.001 Urine output (ml/d) 13.66 ± 2.58 127 ± 14.56 <0.001 EPSC properties DOCA-H2O DOCA-salt p value Frequency (Hz) 0.99 ± 0.33 0.88 ± 0.20 0.76 Amplitude (pA) 43.02 ± 3.74 40.46 ± 1.95 0.51 Weighted τ (ms) 3.49 ± 0.65 3.28 ± 0.34 0.75
In this issue
