Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
A, Illustration of stimuli and procedure. Every trial started with a fixation cross-flanked by two placeholders. After a jittered time interval, an exogenous cue (the black contour) flashed for 100 ms at one of the two positions. After a variable CTOA, a target (a black square) appeared for 33 ms either at the cued (valid) or uncued (invalid) position, and participants had to detect it by a speeded button press on a gamepad. B, RT difference between invalid and valid cues as a function of CTOA; positive values indicate facilitation, and negative values indicate inhibition of the cued position. Error bars represent SEM.
- Figure 2.
Time–frequency representation of lateralized power in response to the exogenous cue, collapsed across validity conditions. Note that the averaged ERP had been subtracted from the data before time frequency analysis, thereby removing the signals evoked by cue and target onsets. In all subplots, the black line at 0 indicates cue onset, whereas the red line indicates the target onset (except for no-target trials).
- Figure 3.
A, Lateralization in the alpha band (8–13 Hz). Positive sign indicates increase in alpha ipsilaterally and decrease contralaterally. The dark gray bar indicates the significant cluster tested against 0. Shaded area represents SEM. B, Comparison between RTs and alpha lateralization (downsampled to match the RT time course; see Materials and Methods). The different color-coded y-axes are set to different scales to allow a direct comparison between alpha lateralization and RTs. Error bars represent SEM. Asterisks indicate significant t tests against 0. C, Intersubjects correlation matrix between alpha lateralization and RTs. The transparency masking indicates that no test survived correction for multiple comparisons. D, MS-bias, toward (positive) and away (negative) from the cued location. The dark gray bar indicates the significant cluster tested against 0. Shaded area represents SEM. E, Comparison between RTs and MS-bias (downsampled to match the RT time course; see Materials and Methods). The different color-coded y-axes are set to different scales to allow a direct comparison between MS-bias and RTs. Error bars represent SEM. Asterisks indicate significant t tests against 0. F, Intersubjects correlation matrix between MS-bias difference and RTs. The transparency masking indicates that no test survived correction for multiple comparisons.
- Figure 4.
A, Correlation over time between alpha lateralization and MS-bias. The dark gray bar indicates the significant cluster after cluster permutation test. B, Peak of the positive correlation at ∼309 ms.
- Figure 5.
Bayesian analyses. The panels from A to C show the results from t tests against 0 for each of the measures of interests and each CTOA: RTs, alpha lateralization, and MS-bias. Shaded area represents 95% CI. The panels from D to F represent the results from the correlations, also for each CTOA. The paired variables are color coded in the dashed lines, with the same colors used in the left column. All the plots present a double y-axis: the measure of interest on the left axis and the corresponding log10 of Bayes factor on the right. For the latter, positive values show evidence in favor of H1, whereas negative values in favor of H0.
- Figure 6.
A, Average spatial filter used for EMS computation and based on the alpha lateralization pattern (left minus right cue) between 200 and 400 ms in the no-target condition. For the sake of comparison with the other analyses presented in the paper, white dots show the channels previously used for computing alpha lateralization. B, Schematic representation of the expected effects for the single-trial regression between alpha lateralization and RT. The expected effects are presented separately for valid (negative slope) and invalid (positive slope). C–I, Grand average of regression β scores computed in the single-trial regression analysis. Each panel shows a different CTOA condition, where the target onset is marked with a black vertical line. Shaded areas show SEM. Horizontal bars in the area below the graphs mark the presence either of a significant (colored bar) or marginally significant (gray bar) clusters.
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