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Research ArticleResearch Article: Negative Results, Cognition and Behavior

New Vistas for the Relationship between Empathy and Political Ideology

Niloufar Zebarjadi, Annika Kluge, Eliyahu Adler and Jonathan Levy
eNeuro 11 November 2024, 11 (11) ENEURO.0086-24.2024; https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0086-24.2024
Niloufar Zebarjadi
1Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
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Annika Kluge
1Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
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Eliyahu Adler
1Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
2Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
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Jonathan Levy
1Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
3Department of Criminology and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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    Figure 1.

    Pain empathy—the neural response. A, TFR (bottom panel) of the pain empathy contrast pain versus no-pain (see top left image for stimulus example). B, Topographic MEG sensor representation of the same pain empathy contrasts each dataset (compare SI). C, Raincloud histograms of pain empathy (extracted from TFR representation) per each political group D, Parametric representation of pain empathy as a function of political ideology self-reports (left panel) and right-wing authoritarianism ratings (right panel).

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    Figure 2.

    A, TFR of statistical contrast between the two conditions on 77 subjects. B, Topographic representation of the most suppressed sensor. C, Raincloud histogram, indicating alpha power change ratio in each political group, calculated on the peak sensor and averaged over the significant TF window. D, Sagittal view of alpha suppression peak source in the brain, detected by beamforming technique. E, Alpha power temporal changes on peak source in both conditions. F, Raincloud histogram, indicating VC power ratio in each political group, averaged over the significant TF window.

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    Figure 3.

    TFR of statistical contrast between the two conditions on 47 subjects. B, Topographic representation of the most suppressed sensor. C, Raincloud histogram, indicating alpha power change ratio in each political group, calculated on the peak sensor and averaged over the significant TF window. D, Sagittal view of alpha suppression peak source in the brain, detected by beamforming technique. E, Alpha power temporal changes on peak source in both conditions. F, Raincloud histogram, indicating VC power ratio in each political group, averaged over the significant TF window.

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    Figure 4.

    Pain empathy—the behavioral and self-reported measures. This indicates the contrast of behavioral (VPQ) and self-reports (IRI) measures of empathy in the two opposing political groups, all provided nonsignificant contrast V: p = 0.15, mean = 2.33, SEM = 0.21; V: p = 0.10, mean = 4.66, SEM = 0.19; IRI(EC): p = 0.08, mean = 5.8, SEM = 0.08 and IRI(PT): p = 0.13, mean = 5.6, SEM = 0.08.

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    Table 1.

    Statistical details for each self-reported measure in each dataset

    Study 1Study 2
    VPQ 1VPQ 2IRI (EC)IRI (PT)VPQ 1VPQ 2IRI (EC)IRI (PT)
    Cronbach’s α0.940.890.750.780.970.910.780.72
    Mean2.204.095.835.702.505.445.745.44
    Standard deviation2.211.900.900.992.582.270.870.75
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eneuro: 11 (11)
eNeuro
Vol. 11, Issue 11
November 2024
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New Vistas for the Relationship between Empathy and Political Ideology
Niloufar Zebarjadi, Annika Kluge, Eliyahu Adler, Jonathan Levy
eNeuro 11 November 2024, 11 (11) ENEURO.0086-24.2024; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0086-24.2024

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New Vistas for the Relationship between Empathy and Political Ideology
Niloufar Zebarjadi, Annika Kluge, Eliyahu Adler, Jonathan Levy
eNeuro 11 November 2024, 11 (11) ENEURO.0086-24.2024; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0086-24.2024
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Keywords

  • empathy
  • neuroimaging
  • pain empathy
  • political ideology

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