Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Task outline. A, The trial outline of the ball detection task (El Kaddouri et al., 2020). An example trial of the stress induction task is shown in B and a trial of the control task in C. D, The order of tasks.
- Figure 2.
Behavioral data. The figure shows the ToM-indexes for the control and stress conditions for the first experiment (online study) and the second experiment (MRI study). Error bars show standard errors of the mean. None of the displayed measures were significantly different from 0 (p < 0.05 two-tailed).
- Figure 3.
Task outline: A, Timing of the ball detection task. B, An example trial of the stress induction. Feedback bar is presented at the top of the screen, and the timer is below this.
- Figure 4.
ROI data. The figure shows fMRI contrast values for the four regions of interest, separately for the three models run, and for the four experimental conditions (congruent and incongruent trials in the control and stress conditions).
Tables
Coeff. 2.5% CI 97.5% CI t value p value Model 1 Participant belief −0.015 −0.020 −0.009 −4.84 <0.001 Agent belief −0.001 −0.007 0.005 −0.40 0.688 Participant * agent <0.001 −0.005 0.007 −0.25 0.805 Model 2 Participant belief −0.014 −0.020 −0.009 −4.83 <0.001 Agent belief −0.001 −0.007 0.005 −0.40 0.688 Stress -<0.006 −0.012 <0.001 −1.95 0.051 Participant * agent <0.001 −0.005 0.007 0.24 0.813 Participant * stress −0.001 −0.007 0.005 −0.38 0.703 Agent * stress −0.002 −0.008 0.004 −0.65 0.514 Participant * agent * stress 0.002 −0.004 0.008 0.78 0.436 - Table 2.
Linear regression model testing effect of exercise and emotion regulation on implicit mentalizing (SEM, standard error of the mean)
ßstand SEM t p ToM-index stress ERQ cognitive reappraisal −0.25 1.52 −1.93 0.10 ERQ expressive suppression −0.25 2.13 −1.96 0.08 Exercise cutoff group 0.10 15.52 0.78 0.44 ToM-index stress ERQ cognitive reappraisal −0.38 2.17 −0.28 0.78 ERQ expressive suppression −0.02 3.04 −0.14 0.89 Exercise cutoff group 0.07 22.15 0.50 0.62 F Degrees of freedom Error degrees of freedom p value Condition 0.004 1 117 0.950 Study 0.076 1 117 0.783 Condition * study 1.622 1 117 0.205 Coeff. 2.5% CI 97.5% CI t value p value Model 1 Participant belief −0.014 −0.019 −0.009 −5.81 <0.001 Agent belief −0.003 −0.008 0.002 −1.20 0.229 Participant * agent <0.001 −0.005 0.004 −0.14 0.891 Model 2 Participant belief −0.014 −0.019 −0.009 −5.80 <0.001 Agent belief −0.003 −0.008 0.002 −1.21 0.227 Stress -<0.001 −0.005 0.005 −0.01 0.990 Participant * agent -<0.001 −0.005 0.004 −0.13 0.894 Participant * stress -<0.001 −0.006 0.004 −0.35 0.724 Agent * stress <0.001 −0.005 0.005 0.07 0.945 Participant * agent * stress −0.002 −0.007 0.002 −0.98 0.327 - Table 5.
Linear regression testing effect of exercise, physiological regulation, and emotion regulation on implicit mentalizing. (SEM, standard error of the mean)
ßstand SEM t p ToM-index control ERQ cognitive adaptive −0.14 1.42 −1.93 0.36 ERQ cognitive maladaptive −0.15 1.91 −1.96 0.37 Exercise group 0.09 15.89 0.64 0.53 HRV −0.16 0.31 −1.12 0.27 ToM-index stress ERQ cognitive adaptive 0.15 1.54 0.92 0.36 ERQ cognitive maladaptive −0.05 2.07 −0.33 0.74 Exercise −0.01 17.22 −0.10 0.92 HRV 0.16 0.33 1.15 0.26 t (p) rTPJ rMTG rLING rSMG MODEL 1 Control incongruent > congruent −0.26(0.794) BF(10) = 0.155 −1.92 (0.060) BF(10) = 0.815 −0.45 (0.654) BF(10) = 0.165 −0.81 (0.424) BF(10) = 0.204 Stress incongruent > congruent 1.09 (0.280) BF(10) = 0.263 −1.13 (0.268) BF(10) = 0.273 −1.19 (0.240) BF(10) = 0.292 0.06 (0.948) BF(10) = 0.150 Stress × difference in congruency −1.03 (0.308) BF(10) = 0.247 −0.77 (0.444) BF(10) = 0.198 0.49 (0.628) BF(10) = 0.168 −0.67 (0.508) BF(10) = 0.185 t (p) rTPJ rMTG rLING rSMG Exploratory Model 1: 9 s regressor of interest Control incongruent > congruent −0.91(0.368) BF(10) = 0.221 −2.97 (0.004) BF(10) = 7.378 −0.90 (0.370) BF(10) = 0.220 −2.75 (0.008) BF(10) = 4.378 Stress incongruent > congruent 1.03 (0.306) BF(10) = 0.248 −0.88 (0.386) BF(10) = 0.215 0.18 (0.860) BF(10) = 0.152 1.15 (0.842) BF(10) = 0.279 Exploratory Model 2: participant belief formation phase only Control incongruent > congruent −0.24 (0.812) BF(10) = 0.154 −1.95 (0.056) BF(10) = 0.863 −0.33 (0.744) BF(10) = 0.158 −0.84 (0.402) BF(10) = 0.210 Stress incongruent > congruent 1.08 (0.282) BF(10) = 0.260 −1.11 (0.272) BF(10) = 0.268 −1.07 (0.290) BF(10) = 0.257 0.12 (0.908) BF(10) = 0.151 t coefficients and p values reported outside and inside the brackets, respectively.
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