Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Knowing Neurons structure and organization. Knowing Neurons is led by a chief executive officer and an editor-in-chief who collectively provide the vision for the organization and delegate strategic tasks to teams of graduate student volunteers with the relevant expertise.
- Figure 2.
Outline of the translation process. A, Overall, students enrolled in two undergraduate courses (see Extended Data 2-1 and 2-2 for the syllabi) in the Spanish and Portuguese Department at UCLA translate articles from English to Spanish, which are then published on the Spanish version of the Knowing Neurons platform: https://knowingneurons.com/es/ (see Extended Data 2-3 for the inaugural list of translations). To promote their work, students conduct an outreach activity locally in Los Angeles, California (United States). B, Timeline of the translation process during a 10-week quarter (which includes an 11th week, corresponding to finals week). Students translate an article at the rate of one every 2 weeks, starting in week 2, and they conduct their community outreach activity between weeks 8 and 9 (see Extended Data 2-4 for the lesson plan template), to allow time during week 10 for a debrief. In between translation draft submissions, biweekly meetings with the students are scheduled to review the translation work, offer feedback, and suggest edits.
- Figure 3.
World map of visitors to the Knowing Neurons Spanish and English domains from January 1 to June 30, 2023. The top panels show world maps of readership in the English (A) and Spanish (B) sites. The shaded scales represent the number of times the sites were accessed by a user. The bottom panels indicate the top 10 countries accessing the English (C) and Spanish (D) sites. Percentages of the total number of site visits are shown above the bar plots. The top 10 countries visiting the English language site represent 79.23% of all users, while the top 10 countries visiting the Spanish language site represent 83.4% of all users.
- Figure 4.
Number of users to the Knowing Neurons Spanish and English domains from January 1 to June 30, 2023 based in the United States. The top panels show US maps representing the number of users from each state accessing the English (A) and Spanish (B) sites. The shaded scales represent the number of times the sites were accessed by a user. The bottom panels show the top 10 states accessing the English (C) and Spanish (D) sites. Percentages of the total number of site visits are shown above the bar plots. The top 10 states visiting the English language site represent 60.44% of all users, while the top 10 states visiting the Spanish language site represent 78.37% of all users.
Tables
Country Universities Members (number) United States UCLA 22 University of Alabama at Birmingham 3 University of Virginia 3 Washington University, St. Louis 3 Harvard University 2 University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) 2 University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 2 Arizona State University 1 Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard 1 Children's National Hospital (Washington, DC) 1 Louisiana State University 1 The Ohio State University 1 Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences 1 University of California, Irvine 1 University of Florida 1 University of Massachusetts, Amherst 1 University of Texas, Austin 1 United Kingdom Imperial College London 2 Institute of Cancer Research, London 1 University of Cambridge 1 Spain Universidad Politécnica de Madrid/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 1 Italy University of Parma 1 Germany Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research 1 University of Potsdam 1 Würzburg University 1 Number of Knowing Neurons active members by country and university.
- Table 2.
Summary of outreach activities associated with the Knowing Neurons article translations
Academic quarter Outreach activity Spring 2021 Podcasta: Educación, carrera e identidad con Carlos Portera-Cailliau (Education, Career, and Hispanic Identity with Carlos Portera-Cailliau). This podcast episode centers around a Spanish neuroscientist's journey into STEM, medicine, and academia. He provides candid advice and shares his experience transitioning to his current role from a Spanish-speaking background Presentationb: Students prepared a Google Slides presentation that outlined different career trajectories in the sciences. This included geology, oceanography, medicine, research, and more. Students also received a general introduction to “what is science?”. After reviewing the presentation on different scientific careers, students played a Kahoot, an interactive quiz-style game, to assess their engagement Fall 2021 Presentationc: Students generated a presentation on epilepsy to a predominantly Spanish-speaking group of advanced placement Spanish and/or bilingual program students. Their primary aim was to reduce stigma surrounding epilepsy. Demographic information and attitudes toward the presentation were assessed via Google Form, and the data were presented to and discussed by the whole translation team Winter 2021 Presentationd: Students conducted a presentation on science in general and the imposter syndrome to a predominantly Spanish-speaking group of advanced placement Spanish and/or bilingual program students. Demographic information and attitudes towards the presentation were assessed via Google Forms, and the data were presented to and discussed by the whole translation class Spring 2022 One audible articlee: Recording of the translated article: ¿Las personas con dyslexia leen y escriben al revés? (Do People with Dyslexia Read and Write Backwards?). This provides an alternative method for individuals (including the sight impaired) to consume the Knowing Neurons content beyond reading the written articles. Presentation and fairf: Presentation about Knowing Neurons, neuroscience, and the state-of-art of representations of Latinx in STEM at a booth at a career fair. The activity also involved the giveaway of flyers providing information about the concepts presented as well as brain-related UCLA merchandise. The students also conducted a survey to evaluate the impact of the booth Podcastg: Hormonas reproductivas y barreras educativas con Stephanie Correa (Reproductive Hormones and Educational Barriers with Stephanie Correa). This podcast is a more technical episode about Dr. Correa's research, mainly focusing on how reproductive hormones regulate homeostasis and metabolism. She dives into some of her projects and elaborates on why she focuses on this area of research Fall 2022 Outreach activity and lesson planh: Students deconstructed the Knowing Neurons article: El cerebro está más cerca de la tripa de lo que parece! (Your Gut Is Closer to Your Brain Than It Appears!), on the gut microbiome and its relation to the brain article. The implemented lesson plan included an outreach activity that involved designing an experiment to investigate the role of different bacteria types on behavior in mice Winter 2023 Outreach activity and lesson planb: Students deconstructed the Knowing Neurons article: ¿Por qué nos hace sentir tanto la música? (Why Does Music Make Us Feel So Much?), on the effects of music on the brain. The implemented lesson plan included an outreach activity that involved writing a song and identifying the anatomical regions involved in the brain's rewards system Outreach activity and lesson plani: Students deconstructed the article: Cuando tu cerebro usa Twitter: la neurociencia de las redes sociales (This Is Your Brain on Twitter: The Neuroscience of Social Media), on how the brain feels reward on social media. The implemented lesson plan included an introduction to the brain's reward system and a Kahoot quiz Spring 2023 Outreach activity and lesson planj: Students deconstructed the Knowing Neurons article: Entrenamiento con pesas y sus beneficios cognitivos: poniendo en forma a tu cerebro (How Weight Lifting Gets the Brain in Shape), which discusses the cognitive benefits of exercising. The implemented lesson plan included an activity that involved identifying household items and spaces that could be used to exercise Description of presentations, podcasts, audible articles, outreach activities, and lesson plans produced by undergraduate student translators between the springs of 2021 and 2023.
↵b Presented at Mar Vista Family Center, Culver City, California (United States).
↵c Presented at Herbert Hoover High School, Glendale, California (United States).
↵d Presented at San Pedro High School, San Pedro, California (United States).
↵e https://knowingneurons.com/es/blog/2023/07/10/dislexia-leen-y-escriben-al-reves/.
↵f Presented at Neuwirth Leadership Academy, Los Angeles, California (United States).
↵h Presented at Hawthorne High School, Hawthorne, California (United States).
↵i Presented at Academia Advance Charter School, Los Angeles, California (United States).
↵j Presented at Phineas Banning High School, Los Angeles, California (United States).
- Table 3.
Worldwide user data for the knowing neurons English and Spanish language websites between January 2023 and June 2023
Country Users New users Avg. session duration English language site Total (worldwide) 21,969 21,729 00:01:14 United States 10,407 10,304 00:01:19 China 1,757 1,755 00:00:15 United Kingdom 1,391 1,372 00:00:55 Canada 889 881 00:00:57 India 720 717 00:01:09 Germany 705 691 00:01:16 Australia 583 578 00:00:34 Spain 351 339 00:01:04 Netherlands 350 345 00:00:52 Mexico 252 247 00:01:06 Spanish Language Site Total (worldwide) 572 495 00:08:58 United States 195 145 00:12:14 Guatemala 72 70 00:01:27 Spain 64 60 00:03:03 Mexico 47 44 00:01:17 Colombia 30 29 00:04:14 Germany 19 15 00:08:17 Argentina 18 17 00:03:47 Ecuador 16 16 00:02:20 United Kingdom 10 6 00:07:57 India 6 5 00:06:55 Column 1 lists the top 10 countries by usership for both the English (top) and Spanish (bottom) language websites. Total (worldwide) refers to usership data stemming from every country, not just the top 10 listed. Column 2 presents the total number of users accessing the English or Spanish language websites, while column 3 solely represents new users. “User” is defined as an individual who has interacted with one of the Knowing Neurons websites. “New User” is defined as a person who has visited one of the Knowing Neurons websites for the first time. Column 4 summarizes the average session duration, or the average length of time (in hours, minutes, and seconds) that users have spent on either of the Knowing Neurons websites. All data were obtained through Google Analytics.
- Table 4.
User data for the knowing neurons English and Spanish language websites between January 2023 and June 2023 within the United States
Region Users New users Avg. session duration English language site Total (50 states) 10,782 10,304 00:01:19 California 1,844 1,782 00:02:08 Virginia 887 857 00:00:51 New York 663 639 00:01:17 Texas 588 565 00:01:17 Ohio 543 520 00:01:06 New Jersey 536 533 00:00:54 Massachusetts 402 388 00:01:17 Florida 377 348 00:01:14 Washington 339 305 00:01:00 Georgia 338 325 00:01:11 Spanish Language Site Total (50 states) 208 145 00:12:14 California 75 42 00:15:53 Virginia 15 13 00:09:04 Oregon 14 11 00:09:31 Washington 12 9 00:03:34 New Jersey 11 9 00:05:53 Florida 10 8 00:04:55 Texas 7 6 00:00:07 North Carolina 7 5 00:08:29 Massachusetts 6 3 00:18:15 Missouri 6 3 00:14:06 Column 1 lists the top 10 states by usership for both the English (top) and Spanish (bottom) language websites. Total (50 states) refers to usership data stemming from the whole country. Column 2 presents the total number of users accessing the English or Spanish language websites, while column 3 solely represents new users. “User” is defined as an individual who has interacted with one of the Knowing Neurons websites. “New User” is defined as a person who has visited one of the Knowing Neurons websites for the first time. Column 4 summarizes the average session duration, or the average length of time (in hours, minutes, and seconds) that users have spent on either of the Knowing Neurons websites. All data were obtained through Google Analytics.
Extended Data 2-1
Course Syllabus for SPAN 165XP (Taking it to the Street: Spanish in the Community). Here is the updated syllabus of the course offered in the spring of 2023 by the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at UCLA. Download Extended Data 2-1, DOC file.
Extended Data 2-2
Course Syllabus for SPAN 172XP (Topics in Community Engagement: Latinos, Linguistics, and Literacy). Here is the updated syllabus of the course offered in the spring of 2023 by the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at UCLA. Download Extended Data 2-2, DOC file.
Extended Data 2-3
Alphabetical list of articles translated between April of 2021 and June of 2023. A total of 102 articles have been translated in a span of 7 academic quarters (spring 2021 – spring 2023; 26 months). A large range of topics (article titles), spanning multiple unique subject areas (“topic tags”, used to index content in the Knowing Neurons website) have been translated. All articles in their original English version can be found at https://knowingneurons.com, and all of the translated versions in Spanish can be found at https://knowingneurons.com/es. Download Extended Data 2-3, DOCX file.
Extended Data 2-4
Lesson Plan Development Template. Students are provided with this template to develop their lesson plans with the supervision of their professors in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and Brain Research Institute. Download Extended Data 2-4, DOCX file.
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