Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Schematic of base assembly of custom behavior device. A, Unexpanded CAD modeled view of the base and rod assembly along with mouse capture boxes, electronic components not shown. B, Expanded view of the 12 laser-cut parts of CAD modeled base, location of electronic components within the device are labeled. An expanded view of rod assembly components without the horizontal barriers is also shown. Assembly displays the 10 additional 3D-printed components (not including the rod), five nuts, and two winged nuts. Further details can be found in Extended Data Figures 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5.
- Figure 2.
Breakdown of rod assembly including the rod and rod attachments. A, Expanded CAD modeled view displaying components for the rod consisting of six 3D-printed components secured through superglue and two 5/16th bolts. B, Components of the rod attachments. C, Unexpanded view of complete rod assembly. D, Various drums sizes and diameters made for use with our interchangeable rod model. Further details can be found in Extended Data Figures 2-1 and 2-2.
- Figure 3.
Overview of key electronic components. A, Color-coded breadboard schematic with associated electrical components. Each color represents the general region of attachment of the component to the breadboard. B, Wiring diagram of breadboard with schematic (top) and example of an assembled board (bottom). C, Arduino MEGA, main-microcontroller, pin-attachment schematic. D, Arduino UNO, secondary microcontroller, pin-attachment schematic.
- Figure 4.
Wiring diagrams of electrical components using Fritzing editor. Each diagram represents the wiring schematic based on the breadboard in Figure 3. Only breadboard components directly attached to each part are shown in the image. Wire length and position are not to scale. Each diagram presents the relevant attachments to the two microcontrollers. A, Wiring of power supply and related switches, stepper motor attachments, fan, radius switch, and relevant connections to associated microcontrollers. B, Wiring diagram of pushbuttons and relevant connections to associated microcontrollers. LEDs in this diagram are representative of the light-related connectors within the pushbutton not shown in the pushbutton image. C, Wiring diagram of LCD panel and associated microcontroller connections. D, Wiring diagram of sensors and associated microcontroller connections. E, Wiring diagram of RGB LEDs and associate microcontroller connections. Further details can be found in Extended Data Figure 4-1.
- Figure 5.
Pseudocode structure for code. This figure demonstrates flow and logic of code written and integrated with Arduino IDE.
- Figure 6.
Motor learning test results using different rod sizes and shapes. A, Daily accelerating rotarod performance on each different rod design on intraday intervals. N = 8 mice per rod. B, Accelerating rotarod performance on each different rod design over 5 d. N = 8 mice per rod. C, Average latency to fall on Initial (day 1) and Final (day 5) days for each rod design. N = 8 mice per rod. Nonparametric t test (Mann–Whitney test). D, Plot of inverse p-value from data in panel C. Small = 1/0.0014, large = 1/0.0002, small laddered = 1/0.0011, large laddered = 1/0.0104. E, Change in latency from Initial (day 1) and Final (day 5) days for each rod design. N = 8 mice per rod. Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn’s test. F, Accelerating rotarod learning rate for each rod design. N = 8 mice per rod. Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn’s test. G, Latency to fall from the first trial on day 1 for each rod design. N = 8 mice per rod. Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn’s test. All data, except panel D, are represented as mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns = not significant (p > 0.05).
Tables
Total cost $247.37.
Total cost $286.36.
Variable Definition Pin Part 1. Defined pins for main microcontroller redLED0 LED 1 34 grnLED0 36 bluLED0 37 redLED1 LED 2 38 grnLED1 40 bluLED1 41 redLED2 LED 3 42 grnLED2 44 bluLED2 45 redLED3 LED 4 46 grnLED3 48 bluLED3 49 redLED4 LED 5 50 grnLED4 52 bluLED4 53 dirPin Stepper motor 26 pulPin 28 interruptPin0 Receives sensor 1 output 3 interruptPin1 Receives sensor 2 output 18 interruptPin2 Receives sensor 3 output 19 interruptPin3 Receives sensor 4 output 20 interruptPin4 Receives sensor 5 output 21 startButton1Pin Start pushbutton 24 cycleButtonPin Cycle pushbutton 22 interruptKillPin Emergency stop pushbutton 2 radiusPin Toggle switch (for radius size) 23 Part 2. Defined variables for main microcontroller (Arduino MEGA) startTime Represents time after ramping sequence begins endTime0 Time after mouse 1 falls endTime1 Time after mouse 2 falls endTime2 Time after mouse 3 falls endTime3 Time after mouse 4 falls endTime4 Time after mouse 5 falls elapsedTimeProgress Used to represent present time throughout the program (used for equations) elapsedTime0 Time mouse 1 spend on the rod from ramping program start to when it falls (endTime0-startTime) elapsedTime1 Time mouse 2 spend on the rod from ramping program start to when it falls (endTime0-startTime) elapsedTime2 Time mouse 3 spend on the rod from ramping program start to when it falls (endTime0-startTime) elapsedTime3 Time mouse 4 spend on the rod from ramping program start to when it falls (endTime0-startTime) elapseedTime4 Time mouse 5 spend on the rod from ramping program start to when it falls (endTime0-startTime) mode Variable used to represent what ramping program (case) is selected delayTMillis Variable for delay time between each impulse sent to stepper motor (in milliseconds) delayTMicros Variable for delay time between each impulse sent to stepper motor (in microseconds) previousState Variable for cycle button programming startButtonState Start button mouse0Fell Variable used for switch case logic mouse1Fell Variable used for switch case logic mouse2Fell Variable used for switch case logic mouse3Fell Variable used for switch case logic mouse4Fell Variable used for switch case logic mouse0Done Variable used for switch case logic mouse1Done Variable used for switch case logic mouse2Done Variable used for switch case logic mouse3Done Variable used for switch case logic mouse4Done Variable used for switch case logic killButtonState Emergency state button variable radiusFactor Used to adjust equations for rods of different diameter radiusSwitchState For toggle switch logic loopCount For pushbutton logic Part 3. Defined pins and variables for secondary microcontroller (Arduino UNO) currentVolts0 Calculated volts from sensor 1 based on raw data sent to microcontroller currentVolts1 Calculated volts from sensor 2 based on raw data sent to microcontroller currentVolts2 Calculated volts from sensor 3 based on raw data sent to microcontroller currentVolts3 Calculated volts from sensor 4 based on raw data sent to microcontroller currentVolts4 Calculated volts from sensor 5 based on raw data sent to microcontroller previousVolts0 Volts from previous data reading previousVolts1 Volts from previous data reading previousVolts2 Volts from previous data reading previousVolts3 Volts from previous data reading previousVolts4 Volts from previous data reading newVolts0 Volts from sensor 1 after passed through digital lowpass filter newVolts1 Volts from sensor 1 after passed through digital lowpass filter newVolts2 Volts from sensor 1 after passed through digital lowpass filter newVolts3 Volts from sensor 1 after passed through digital lowpass filter newVolts4 Volts from sensor 1 after passed through digital lowpass filter a Value for digital low pass filter pin 2 Output for sensor 1 pin 3 Output for sensor 2 pin 4 Output for sensor 3 pin 5 Output for sensor 4 pin 6 Output for sensor 5
Extended Data Figure 1-1
Base design assembly. Schematic overview of the base with views from the right, left, and back. Download Figure 1-1, TIF file.
Extended Data Figure 1-2
Expanded schematic views of base rotarod. Download Figure 1-2, TIF file.
Extended Data Figure 1-3
Labeled components on the base. Download Figure 1-3, TIF file.
Extended Data Figure 1-4
Rod barriers. The barriers on the rod are shown in part L. The design requires six rods with recommendation for two clear and four opaque barriers. Acrylic dimensioning is also shown. Acrylic sheets were cut down to fit inside our laser cutter. Download Figure 1-4, TIF file.
Extended Data Figure 1-5
Mouse capture box design. A, Mouse capture boxes shown with dimensions and were cut from 1/8-inch acrylic sheets. A total of five are required. B, Final view of an assembled capture box. C, Mouse capture box tracks shown with dimensions and were cut from 1/8-inch acrylic sheets. A total of five is required. D, Final view of tracks for the capture boxes. Download Figure 1-5, TIF file.
Extended Data Figure 2-1
Rod attachment designs. Designs for the four unique rod models developed. Note that the large-laddered rod was printed in one large piece and ten notched pieces. The notches piece dimensions were synthesized by cutting the notched pieces from a nonseparated laddered rod drawing. Download Figure 2-1, TIF file.
Extended Data Figure 2-2
Actual images of rod assembly. Download Figure 2-2, TIF file.
Extended Data Figure 4-1
Actual images of rotarod assembly. A, Images of base assembly. B, Images of electronics assembly. Download Figure 4-1, TIF file.
Extended Data 1
Arduino code and files for 3D printing. Download Extended Data 1, ZIP.
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