The fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology
and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular …

A 2.91-billion base pair (bp) consensus sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human
genome was generated by the whole-genome shotgun sequencing method. The 14.8-billion …

A comparative analysis of the genomes ofDrosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis
elegans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae—and the proteins they are predicted to encode—was …

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and
the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have afflicted tens of millions of people in …

We report an improved draft nucleotide sequence of the 2.3-gigabase genome of maize, an
important crop plant and model for biological research. Over 32,000 genes were predicted, …

Background Modern medicine often clashes with traditional medicine such as Chinese herbal
medicine because of the little understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action of the …

Amber is the collective name for a suite of programs that allow users to carry out molecular
dynamics simulations, particularly on biomolecules. None of the individual programs carries …

We have produced a draft sequence of the rice genome for the most widely cultivated
subspecies in China, Oryza sativa L. ssp.indica, by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The …

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections
and the resulting disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), have spread to millions of …

We review the various ways in which an electron beam can adversely affect an organic or
inorganic sample during examination in an electron microscope. The effects considered are: …