The processes of differentiation and development of neurons involve the induction of neuron-specific genes by instructive signals with subsequent neurotrophic factor-driven survival and functional maturation. We have previously shown that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and retinoic acid synergistically induce the responsiveness of developing sympathetic neurons to neurotrophic factors, neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), and GDNF by upregulating corresponding receptors concomitantly with the induction of other neuron-specific genes including BRINP1, a neuron-specific cell-cycle regulatory protein. In the present study, we analyzed transcriptional mechanisms regulating the neuron-specific expression of TrkC/NT-3 receptor gene. TrkC gene contains at least four NRSE/RE-1 (neuron-restrictive silencing element/repressor element 1)-like elements (TrkC-NRSE A-D). Consequently, we found that in non-neuronal cells, neuron-restrictive silencing factor (NRSF) acts on TrkC-NRSE D located at the downstream of exon 3 to suppress the promoter activity of TrkC gene in a manner similar to the mechanism of NRSF suppressing BRINP1 transcription. In contrast, in neuronal cells, the biological activity of NRSF on TrkC was suppressed. From these observations, molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of neuron-specific genes via NRSE during neuronal differentiation are discussed.