Abstract
The molecules originally described as the hypocretins and subsequently as the orexins were initially implicated in the control of food intake. Recent observations implicate this newly-described neurotransmitter system in the sleep disorder narcolepsy and, potentially, in the regulation of normal sleep processes. This article reviews the research that led to the isolation of the hypocretin/orexin peptides, their receptors and the activity of these molecules as we currently understand them. A model is proposed in which the cells that make these peptides might be involved in arousal state control.
Publication types
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Brain Chemistry / physiology*
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Carrier Proteins / genetics*
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Carrier Proteins / metabolism
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Humans
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins*
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Ligands
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Neuropeptides / genetics*
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Neuropeptides / metabolism
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Neurotransmitter Agents / genetics*
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Neurotransmitter Agents / metabolism
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Orexins
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Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Sleep / physiology*
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Sleep Wake Disorders / physiopathology*
Substances
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Carrier Proteins
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Ligands
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Neuropeptides
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Neurotransmitter Agents
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Orexins