Abstract
TRANSCRIPTION initiation by mammalian RNA polymerase II is effected by multiple common factors1,2interacting through minimal promoter elements and regulated by gene-specific factors3 interacting with distal control elements. Minimal promoter elements that can function independently or together, depending on the specific promoter, include the upstream TATA box4,5 and a pyrimidine-rich initiator6–8 (Inr) overlapping the transcription start site. The binding of TFIID to the TATA element4,9 promotes the assembly of other factors into a preinitiation complex10–12 but factors which function at the Inr have not been defined. We show here that a novel factor (TFII-I) binds specifically to Inr elements, supports basal transcription from the adenovirus major late promoter and is immunologically related to the helix-loop-helix activator USF (ref. 13). We further show that TFII-I also binds to the upstream high-affinity USF site (E box), that USF also binds to the Inr, and that TFII-I and USF interact cooperatively at both Inr and E box sites. Thus, TFII-I represents a novel type of transcription initiation factor whose interactions at multiple promoter elements may aid novel communication mechanisms between upstream regulatory factors and the general transcriptional machinery.
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Roy, A., Meisterernst, M., Pognonec, P. et al. Cooperative interaction of an initiator-binding transcription initiation factor and the helix–loop–helix activator USF. Nature 354, 245–248 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1038/354245a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/354245a0
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