Sensory SystemResearch PaperConnections of the superior paraolivary nucleus of the rat: projections to the inferior colliculus
Section snippets
Experimental procedures
Fifteen female Sprague–Dawley rats (body weight 190–210 g), obtained from the Animal Core Facility of the University of Salamanca, were cared for and used in compliance with the European Communities Council Directive of 24 November 1986 (86/609/EEC) regulations concerning the use of animals in biomedical research, and the experimental procedures were approved and supervised by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Salamanca. For the surgical procedures, including the
Results
The information described herein comes from 15 selected experimental cases with single injections of BDA into the SPON of the albino rat. In 13 cases, the injection site was wholly contained within the limits of the nucleus (Fig. 1). In the remaining two cases, the injection site was located in the ventrolateral region of the SPON and encroached upon the neighboring medial superior olive (MSO). The locations of injection sites of various representative cases are illustrated schematically in
Technical considerations
The tracer used in this study, BDA, labels the axons of neurons at the injection site, but it is also known to label axons that innervate or cross the injection site, as well as their parent cell bodies. Consequently, BDA gives rise to so-called collateral transport, whereby the tracer taken up by a given axonal branch is transported retrogradely to a bifurcation in the axon, and then anterogradely into another branch (e.g. de Olmos and Heimer 1977, Merchán et al 1994, Warr et al 1997, Doucet
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Spanish Ministries of Education and Science and Innovation grants PB95-1129, BFI2000/1358, BFU2004-05909 and BFU2008-04197 (to E.S.), by the Junta de Castilla y León grants SA15/97, SA097/01, SA007C05 and GR221 (to E.S.), and by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant RO 1 DC-02266 (to A.S.B.).
References (90)
- et al.
Immunocytochemical evidence for inhibitory and disinhibitory circuits in the superior olive
Hear Res
(1990) Afferent projections to the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus in the rat
Brain Res
(1978)Organization of the cat trapezoid body and the discharge characteristics of its fibers
Brain Res
(1975)- et al.
Parallel auditory pathways: projection patterns of the different neuronal populations in the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei
Brain Res Bull
(2003) - et al.
GABAergic inputs shape responses to amplitude modulated stimuli in the inferior colliculus
Hear Res
(2002) - et al.
Tonotopic organization in the inferior colliculus of the rat
Brain Res
(1973) - et al.
Electrophysiological characterization of neurons in the superior paraolivary nucleus of the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Hear Res
(2002) - et al.
Mapping of collateral projections with the HRP-method
Neurosci Lett
(1977) Role of GABA abnormalities in the inferior colliculus pathophysiology: audiogenic seizures
Hear Res
(2002)- et al.
Anatomical plasticity in brainstem auditory nuclei following unilateral ablation of the inferior colliculus in neonatal rats
Hear Res
(2008)
Encoding of temporal features of auditory stimuli in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and superior paraolivary nucleus of the rat
Neuroscience
Projections from the superior olive and lateral lemniscus to tonotopic regions of the rat's inferior colliculus
Hear Res
Differential organization of crossed and uncrossed projections from the superior olive to the inferior colliculus in the mole
Neurosci Lett
Cytoarchitecture of the human superior olivary complex: nuclei of the trapezoid body and posterior tier
Hear Res
Unbiased stereological estimates of neuron number in subcortical auditory nuclei of the rat
Hear Res
Local collateral projections from the medial superior olive to the superior paraolivary nucleus in the gerbil
Brain Res
Auditory response properties of neurons in the tectal longitudinal column of the rat
Hear Res
Postnatal development of the projection from the medial superior olive to the inferior colliculus in the rat
Hear Res
Neurotransmitter-specific uptake and retrograde transport of [3H]glycine from the inferior colliculus by ipsilateral projections of the superior olivary complex and nuclei of the lateral lemniscus
Brain Res
Spatial representation of frequency in the rat dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus as revealed by acoustically induced c-fos mRNA expression
Hear Res
Neuropil organization in the superior olive of the cat
Exp Neurol
Efferent innervation of the inner hair cell region: origins and terminations of two lateral olivocochlear systems
Hear Res
The auditory brainstem nuclei and some of their projections to the inferior colliculus in the North American opossum
Neuroscience
Collateral innervation of the inferior colliculus in the North American opossum: a study using fluorescent markers in a double-labeling paradigm
Brain Res
GABAergic projections from the lateral lemniscus to the inferior colliculus of the rat
Hear Res
Cytology of periolivary cells and the organization of their projections in the cat
J Comp Neurol
Distribution of cochlear efferents and olivo-collicular neurons in the brainstem of rat and guinea pigA double labeling study with fluorescent tracers
Exp Brain Res
Intracellular recordings from neurobiotin-labeled cells in brain slices of the rat medial nucleus of the trapezoid body
J Neurosci
Auditory response properties in the superior paraolivary nucleus of the gerbil
J Neurophysiol
HRP study of the organization of auditory afferents ascending to central nucleus of inferior colliculus in cat
J Comp Neurol
Neural tuning for sound duration: role of inhibitory mechanisms in the inferior colliculus
Science
Sources of projections to subdivisions of the inferior colliculus in the rat
J Comp Neurol
Axonal pathways to the lateral superior olive labeled with biotinylated dextran amine injections in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of rats
J Comp Neurol
Ascending and descending projections to the inferior colliculus of the rat
Physiol Bohemoslov
Projection from the inferior colliculus to the superior olivary complex in the albino rat
Anat Embryol (Berl)
Anatomy of the inferior colliculus in rat
Anat Embryol (Berl)
Direct projections from the rat primary auditory neocortex to nucleus sagulum, paralemniscal regions, superior olivary complex and cochlear nuclei
Aud Neurosci
Divergent projections of physiologically characterized rat ventral cochlear nucleus neurons as shown by intra-axonal injection of horseradish peroxidase
Exp Brain Res
Functional organization of mustached bat inferior colliculus: IIConnections of the FM2 region
J Comp Neurol
Psychoacoustic abilities of subjects with unilateral and bilateral cochlear hearing impairments and their relationship to the ability to understand speech
Scand Audiol
Ascending auditory afferents to the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus
J Comp Neurol
Sources of GABAergic input to the inferior colliculus of the rat
J Comp Neurol
Anatomy and projection patterns of the superior olivary complex in the Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana
J Comp Neurol
Organization of the disynaptic pathway from the anteroventral cochlear nucleus to the lateral superior olivary nucleus in the ferret
Anat Embryol (Berl)
A GABAergic component in the commissure of the inferior colliculus in rat
Neuroreport
Cited by (57)
2.30 - The Inferior Colliculus
2020, The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference: Volume 1-7, Second Edition2.28 - The Superior Olivary Complex
2020, The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference: Volume 1-7, Second EditionSubcortical pathways: Towards a better understanding of auditory disorders
2018, Hearing ResearchCitation Excerpt :In particular, octopus cells in the PVCN integrate inputs that cover a broad spectral range and precisely signal sound transients (Ritz and Brownell, 1982), which are attributes suited for processing natural complex sounds such as animal vocalizations and human speech (Oertel, 1999; Felix et al., 2017). Octopus cells target inhibitory neurons in the superior paraolivary nucleus (SPON) (Saldaña et al., 2009) and the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) (Adams, 1997), which also exhibit highly synchronous responses to envelope fluctuations (Kulesza et al., 2003; Zhang and Kelly, 2006). However, compared to their inputs, neurons in the SPON and VNLL have restricted upper-limits of modulation rates to which they respond that closely match the IC (Kadner and Berrebi, 2008; Recio-Spinoso and Joris).
Development of excitatory synaptic transmission to the superior paraolivary and lateral superior olivary nuclei optimizes differential decoding strategies
2016, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :While acoustic experience primarily drives presynaptic adaptations of excitation in the SPON, it triggers both pre- and postsynaptic adaptations in the LSO, which may reflect a stronger likelihood for neuronal plasticity in the LSO (Sanes and Friauf, 2000). The extremely low convergence and high release probability of excitatory input fibers to SPON neurons are compatible with innervation from the octopus cells (Zook and Casseday, 1985; Friauf and Ostwald, 1988; Thompson and Thompson, 1991; Schofield, 1995; Saldaña et al., 2009) thought to drive transient onset responses to complex sounds (Kuwada and Batra, 1999; Behrend et al., 2002; Dehmel et al., 2002; Felix et al., 2013). It should be emphasized that the absolute number of inputs reported in this study most likely have been underestimated due to the reductionist slice approach, although the relative strength between the SPON and LSO inputs are expected to be fairly constant and are comparable to other published studies that used similar methodology (Sanes and Rubel, 1988; Case and Gillespie, 2011; Hirao et al., 2015).
- 1
Present address: Verónica Fuentes-Santamaría, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas and Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006-Albacete, Spain.