Neuron
Volume 86, Issue 2, 22 April 2015, Pages 428-441
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Article
Neural Mechanisms for Evaluating Environmental Variability in Caenorhabditis elegans

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.026Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • C. elegans learn variability in their food environment and modify future behavior

  • The authors describe the minimal circuit that evaluates environmental variability

  • Dopamine levels store information about variability to regulate behavior

  • The amount of CREB determines the rate of learning variability

Summary

The ability to evaluate variability in the environment is vital for making optimal behavioral decisions. Here we show that Caenorhabditis elegans evaluates variability in its food environment and modifies its future behavior accordingly. We derive a behavioral model that reveals a critical period over which information about the food environment is acquired and predicts future search behavior. We also identify a pair of high-threshold sensory neurons that encode variability in food concentration and the downstream dopamine-dependent circuit that generates appropriate search behavior upon removal from food. Further, we show that CREB is required in a subset of interneurons and determines the timescale over which the variability is integrated. Interestingly, the variability circuit is a subset of a larger circuit driving search behavior, showing that learning directly modifies the very same neurons driving behavior. Our study reveals how a neural circuit decodes environmental variability to generate contextually appropriate decisions.

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Present address: Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA