Calcium signalling and regulation in olfactory neurons

doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)80063-4

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Volume 9, Issue 4, August 1999, Pages 419-426

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-4388(99)80063-4 Get rights and content

The odorant-induced Ca²⁺ increase inside the cilia of vertebrate olfactory sensory neurons controls both excitation and adaptation. The increase in the internal concentration of Ca²⁺ in the cilia has recently been visualized directly and has been attributed to Ca²⁺ entry through cAMP-gated channels. These recent results have made it possible to further characterize Ca²⁺'s activities in olfactory neurons. Ca²⁺ exerts its excitatory role by directly activating Cl⁻ channels. Given the unusually high concentration of ciliary Cl⁻, Ca²⁺'s activation of Cl⁻ channels causes an efflux of Cl⁻ from the cilia, contributing high-gain and low-noise amplification to the olfactory neuron depolarization. Moreover, in combination with calmodulin, Ca²⁺ mediates odorant adaptation by desensitizing cAMP-gated channels. The restoration of the Ca²⁺ concentration to basal levels occurs via a Na+/Ca²⁺ exchanger, which extrudes Ca²⁺ from the olfactory cilia.

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Calcium signalling and regulation in olfactory neurons

Cell

Cell

Annu Rev Physiol

Neuron

J Neurophysiol

J Neurosci

Nature

Neurosci Lett

J Membr Biol

Eur J Cell Biol

Nature

Biochim Biophys Acta

Functional expression of a mammalian odorant receptor

Science

A cyclic nucleotide-gated conductance in olfactory receptor cilia

Nature

Activation by odorants of cation-selective conductance in the olfactory receptor cell isolated from the newt

J Physiol

Odor-induced membrane currents in vertebrate-olfactory receptor neurons

Science

The relation between stimulus and response in olfactory receptor cells of the tiger salamander

J Physiol

Calcium-sensitive particulate guanylyl cyclase as a modulator of cAMP in olfactory receptor neurons

J Neurosci

Transduction mechanisms in vertebrate olfactory receptor cells

Physiol Rev

Odor stimuli trigger influx of calcium into olfactory neurons of the channel catfish

Science

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J Neurosci

Calcium entry through cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in individual cilia of olfactory receptor cells: spatiotemporal dynamics

J Neurosci

Imaging odor induced calcium transients in single olfactory cilia: specificity of activation and role in transduction

J Neurosci

The spatial distribution of odorant sensitivity and odorant-induced currents in salamander olfactory receptor cells

J Physiol

Family of cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels

Curr Opin Neurobiol

Cyclic nucleotide gated channels

Curr Opin Neurobiol

Structure and function of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels

Annu Rev Neurosci

An isoform of the rod photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channel β subunit expressed in olfactory neurons

The native rat olfactory cyclic nucleotidegated channel is composed of three distinct subunits

J Neurosci