Cold transduction in rat trigeminal ganglia neurons in vitro
Section snippets
Cell culture
Male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 225±25 g, purchased from Harlan Sprague–Dawley (Indianapolis, IN, USA) were housed in a vivarium under a 12-h light/dark cycle and were fed standard rat diet and water ad libitum. All procedures concerning the care and use of animals in this study were approved by the University of Maryland Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and were carried out in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. We
Cold responsive tg neurons: response properties
TG neurons in short-term (<24 h) culture responded to a decrease in temperature from 34 to 12 °C (at approximately 1 °C/s) in one of three ways (Fig. 1A): 1) with a increase in fluorescence that occurred soon after initiation of the temperature ramp (i.e. a low threshold response); 2) with an increase in fluorescence that did not develop until well after initiation of the temperature ramp (i.e. a high threshold response); and 3) no change in fluorescence in response to a decrease in bath
Discussion
We have employed fura-2 microfluorimetry on dissociated rat TG neurons in order to test the hypothesis that there are two populations of neurons responsive to a decrease in temperature. In addition, we have determined the extent to which putative cold transducers underlie the responses observed in TG neurons. Consistent with our hypothesis, we observed two populations of TG neurons responsive to a decrease in temperature. These populations were distinguishable on the basis of their unique
Note added in proof
Another cold responsive member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels was recently identified. This channel, called AnkTM1 is menthol insensitive, has a high threshold for activation and is co-expressed with TRPV1 (the capsaicin receptor) (Story et al., 2003). These properties make this channel a likely candidate for an underlying mechanism of transduction in HTcool neurons.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. Lei Zhang for technical assistance with experimental procedures and Drs. Daniel Weinreich and Michael Caterina and Michele Nealen for helpful discussions during preparation of the manuscript. Support for this work was obtained from the National Institutes of Health with grants RO3DA13274 (M.S.G.) and T32DE073093 (P.D.T.).
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