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2021, The Fovea: Structure, Function, Development, and Tractional DisordersDifferential distribution of exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic AMP within the adult rat retina
2010, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Double-labeling demonstrated that both Epac1 and Epac2 were expressed in retinal ganglion cells (Fig. 9C, F). Müller cells are the major glial constituent of the retina (Jeon et al., 1998) and participate in multiple functions including recycling of neurotransmitters such as glutamate (Ehinger and Falck, 1971; White and Neal, 1976). Two antibodies raised against GS and GLAST were used to identify Müller cell cytosol and plasma membrane, respectively (Derouiche and Rauen, 1995; Ding and Weinberg, 2007).
The novel distribution of phosphodiesterase-4 subtypes within the rat retina
2009, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Thus, identification of PDE4s within retinal ganglion cells provides another target to better investigate recovery following injury. Müller cells are known to uptake glutamate within the retina (Ehinger and Falck, 1971; White and Neal, 1976). Interestingly, Müller cells have intact cAMP signaling (Kubrusly et al., 2005), whereby addition of a cAMP analogue increases glutamate uptake purportedly through augmenting GLAST (Sakai et al., 2006).
Role of retinal glial cells in neurotransmitter uptake and metabolism
2009, Neurochemistry InternationalRational basis for the development of coenzyme Q10 as a neurotherapeutic agent for retinal protection
2008, Progress in Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :The lower levels of glutamate observed during the period of ischemia might reflect the tolerant nature of the retina to the ischemic insult as compared to the brain (Neal et al., 1994). In addition, the prolonged accumulation of glutamate that occurs after the ischemic insult may stem from a defective glutamate uptake system in the retinal neurons known to be devoid of high affinity for glutamate (White and Neal, 1976). Previous microdialysis experiments carried out in anesthetized rats undergone high IOP-induced ischemia have documented that glutamate levels increase in the retina and these are reversed by neuroprotective doses of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK801 (Nucci et al., 2005).