Abstract
Although evidence has accumulated that neurogenesis and gliogenesis occur in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of adult mammalian brains, recent studies indicate the presence of neural stem cells (NSCs) in adult brains, particularly the circumventricular regions. In the present study, we aimed to determine characterization of NSCs and their progenitor cells in the sensory circumventricular organs (CVOs), including organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, subfornical organ, and area postrema of adult mouse. There were two types of NSCs: tanycyte-like ependymal cells and astrocyte-like cells. Astrocyte-like NSCs proliferated slowly and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) actively divided. Molecular marker protein expression of NSCs and their progenitor cells were similar to those reported in the SVZ and SGZ, except that astrocyte-like NSCs expressed S100β. These circumventricular NSCs possessed the capacity to give rise to oligodendrocytes and sparse numbers of neurons and astrocytes in the sensory CVOs and adjacent brain regions. The inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling by using a VEGF receptor-associated tyrosine kinase inhibitor AZD2171 largely suppressed basal proliferation of OPCs. A single systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide attenuated proliferation of OPCs and induced remarkable proliferation of microglia. The present study indicates that sensory circumventricular NSCs provide new neurons and glial cells in the sensory CVOs and adjacent brain regions.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Drs. H. Okano, R. Kageyama, J. Miyazaki, and Francois Renault-Mihara for generous supplies of Nestin-CreERT2 and CAG-CAT loxP/loxP -EGFP transgenic mice, respectively and would like to express our appreciation to Miss E. Tsuji for help with the experiments. This work was supported in part by Scientific Research Grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. 24500411 to S. Miyata) and by the Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from The Japan Science Society (No. 27–403 to E. Furube).
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Furube, E., Morita, M. & Miyata, S. Characterization of neural stem cells and their progeny in the sensory circumventricular organs of adult mouse. Cell Tissue Res 362, 347–365 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-015-2201-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-015-2201-0