Table 2.

Biomechanical profiling of N2, daf-2(e1370), smn-1(ok355), and smn-1(ok355);daf-2(e1370) at two developmental stages

L2 stage*Late stage#
BMP outputN2 (n = 22)daf-2(e1370) (n = 24)smn-1(ok355) (n = 28)smn-1(ok355);daf-2(e1370) (n = 25)N2 (n = 13)daf-2(e1370) (n = 15)smn-1(ok355) (n = 20)smn-1(ok355);daf-2(e1370) (n = 25)
Length (mm)0.39 ± 0.010.43 ± 0.030.48 ± 0.070.45 ± 0.030.63 ± 0.080.70 ± 0.030.70 ± 0.030.61 ± 0.07
Swimming speed (mm/s)0.16 ± 0.060.17 ± 0.040.19 ± 0.060.19 ± 0.050.26 ± 0.070.28 ± 0.070.16 ± 0.040.18 ± 0.04
Beating frequency (Hz)1.90 ± 0.392.20 ± 0.422.50 ± 0.522.60 ± 0.392.30 ± 0.252.30 ± 0.461.70 ± 0.362.30 ± 0.39
Bending force (nN)0.50 ± 0.210.36 ± 0.090.50 ± 0.180.42 ± 0.190.69 ± 0.270.66 ± 0.190.50 ± 0.180.52 ± 0.11
Mechanical power (pW)0.50 ± 0.240.57 ± 0.160.88 ± 0.400.60 ± 0.301.80 ± 0.451.70 ± 0.570.97 ± 0.391.21 ± 0.37

  • ↵* Each respective worm is at L2 stage.

  • ↵# Late stage: N2 and daf-2(e1370) animals are at L4 stage; smn-1(ok355) and smn-1(ok355);daf-2(e1370) animals are at the day 5 after egg drop (L2 + 3 d).