TY - JOUR T1 - Noradrenergic Regulation of Central Amygdala in Aversive Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer JF - eneuro JO - eNeuro DO - 10.1523/ENEURO.0224-17.2017 VL - 4 IS - 5 SP - ENEURO.0224-17.2017 AU - Vincent D. Campese AU - Jose M. Soroeta AU - Elena M. Vazey AU - Gary Aston-Jones AU - Joseph E. LeDoux AU - Robert M. Sears Y1 - 2017/09/01 UR - http://www.eneuro.org/content/4/5/ENEURO.0224-17.2017.abstract N2 - The neural mechanisms through which a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus (CS) elicits innate defense responses are well understood. But a Pavlovian CS can also invigorate ongoing instrumental responding, as shown by studies of aversive Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). While the neural circuitry of appetitive PIT has been studied extensively, little is known about the brain mechanisms of aversive PIT. We recently showed the central amygdala (CeA) is essential for aversive PIT. In the current studies, using pharmacology and designer receptors in rodents, we demonstrate that noradrenergic (NE) activity negatively regulates PIT via brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) activity and LC projections to CeA. Our results provide evidence for a novel pathway through which response modulation occurs between brainstem neuromodulatory systems and CeA to invigorate adaptive behavior in the face of threat. ER -