RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Multimodal Characterization of Neural Networks Using Highly Transparent Electrode Arrays JF eneuro JO eNeuro FD Society for Neuroscience SP ENEURO.0187-18.2018 DO 10.1523/ENEURO.0187-18.2018 VO 5 IS 6 A1 Mary J. Donahue A1 Attila Kaszas A1 Gergely F. Turi A1 Balázs Rózsa A1 Andrea Slézia A1 Ivo Vanzetta A1 Gergely Katona A1 Christophe Bernard A1 George G. Malliaras A1 Adam Williamson YR 2018 UL http://www.eneuro.org/content/5/6/ENEURO.0187-18.2018.abstract AB Transparent and flexible materials are attractive for a wide range of emerging bioelectronic applications. These include neural interfacing devices for both recording and stimulation, where low electrochemical electrode impedance is valuable. Here the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is used to fabricate electrodes that are small enough to allow unencumbered optical access for imaging a large cell population with two-photon (2P) microscopy, yet provide low impedance for simultaneous high quality recordings of neural activity in vivo. To demonstrate this, pathophysiological activity was induced in the mouse cortex using 4-aminopyridine (4AP), and the resulting electrical activity was detected with the PEDOT:PSS-based probe while imaging calcium activity directly below the probe area. The induced calcium activity of the neuronal network as measured by the fluorescence change in the cells correlated well with the electrophysiological recordings from the cortical grid of PEDOT:PSS microelectrodes. Our approach provides a valuable vehicle for complementing classical high temporal resolution electrophysiological analysis with optical imaging.