Figure 5. Transient cytokine upregulation after eFSE. A, IL-1β mRNA levels are significantly upregulated 1 and 3 h after eFSE (CTL = 23; 1 h, n = 10; 3 h, n = 10; 24 h, n = 12; 96 h, n = 4). B, Variability of IL-1β mRNA expression between rats is apparent when data are presented as individual animals where some rats have high levels of IL-1β expression and others are indistinguishable from controls. C, IL-1r1 mRNA levels are significantly upregulated 3 and 24 h after eFSE, with obvious interanimal variability (CTL, n = 20l; 1 h, n = 10; 3 h, n = 10; 24 h, n = 13; 96 h, n = 4). D, While never statistically significant, IL-6 levels trend upward for some animals at 24 h with a return to baseline values by 96 h (CTL, n = 9; 1 h, n = 4; 3 h, n = 4; 24 h, n = 10; 96 h, n = 4). E, TNF-α mRNA levels are significantly augmented by 3 h and return to baseline by 24 h (CTL, n = 25; 1 h, n = 10; 3 h, n = 10; 24 h, n = 12; 96 h, n = 4). F, COX2 mRNA levels are significantly upregulated at every tested time point (CTL, n = 11; 1 h, n = 6; 3 h, n = 6; 24 h, n = 6; 96 h, n = 4). G, GFAP, COX2, and IL-6 protein levels are augmented with interanimal variation 24 h after eFSE (n = 4) compared with littermate controls (n = 4). Densitometric analyses of protein levels normalized and compared with controls are provided in H. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *Statistically significant at p < 0.05.